Personalized treatment for differentiated thyroid cancer: current data and new perspectives

Colombo, Carla; Giancola, Noemi

doi:10.23736/s2724-6507.20.03342-8

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 255 publications

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“…This is especially relevant for DTC, where TKI's substantial toxicity profile poses specific clinical challenges. Indeed, the search for more conservative, personalized, risk-adapted treatment options is ongoing in this setting [88].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Tumor Microenvironment and the Estrogen Loop in Thyroid Cancer

Denaro

Romanò

Alfieri

et al. 2023

Cancers

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Thyroid cancer (TC) cells employ multiple signaling pathways, such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAS/Raf/MAPK, fostering cell proliferation, survival and metastasis. Through a complex interplay with immune cells, inflammatory mediators and stroma, TC cells support an immunosuppressive, inflamed, pro-carcinogenic TME. Moreover, the participation of estrogens in TC pathogenesis has previously been hypothesized, in view of the higher TC incidence observed among females. In this respect, the interactions between estrogens and the TME in TC could represent a relevant, unexplored area of research. We thereby collectively reviewed the available evidence concerning the potential carcinogenic role of estrogens in TC, specifically focusing on their crosstalk with the TME.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Tumor Microenvironment and the Estrogen Loop in Thyroid Cancer

Denaro

Romanò

Alfieri

et al. 2023

Cancers

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“…Surgery is the first choice of thyroid cancer, while in high-risk cases, postoperative adjuvant therapies such as radioactive iodine therapy and thyroid hormone therapy are also employed. In recent years, there have been advancements in the development of targeted therapies for difficult-to-cure thyroid cancers, including radioactive iodine-refractory thyroid cancer, as a novel treatment approach [ 22 ]. The status of genetic mutations in thyroid cancer has become clearer, and it has been reported that certain genetic mutations influence the progression of thyroid cancer [ 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Expression of Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) and BRAFV600E Mutation in Thyroid Cancer

SEKINO

Iwadate

Yamaya

et al. 2023

Cancers

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In thyroid cancer, it has been suggested that PD-L1 overexpression is associated with some clinicopathological factors and prognosis. The aim of this study is to characterize the expression of PD-L1, the presence of the BRAFV600E mutation, as well as cellular and humoral immunity in thyroid cancer, and to investigate the factors that predict the effectiveness of anti-PD-L1 antibody therapy. Blood samples were collected from 33 patients who were newly diagnosed with thyroid cancer after surgery or biopsy. PD-L1 expression, BRAFV600E mutation, and CD8+ expression were examined by immunohistological staining using clinical thyroid cancer specimens. With a PD-L1 staining cut-off value of 1%, 13 (39.4%) patients were classified as PD-L1 positive. Stimulation Index (SI) is an indicator of T cell activation. PD-L1 expression was significantly correlated with low SI level (p = 0.046). Moreover, BRAFV600E mutation was detected in 24 of the 33 (72.7%) patients, and was significantly associated with PD-L1 expression (p = 0.047). In addition, enhanced CD8+ expression was significantly associated with PD-L1 expression (p = 0.003). Multivariate analyses confirmed that high CRP levels (p = 0.039) were independently and significantly associated with poor progression-free survival. These findings suggest that elevated PD-L1 status can be a prognostic indicator for survival in patients with thyroid cancer when comprehensively assessed using the expression of CD8+, the presence of BRAFV600E mutation and the patient’s immune status.

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“…The challenge for clinical doctors in the treatment of thyroid cancer is to balance the treatments so that patients with low-risk disease or benign thyroid nodules are not overtreated. At the same time, doctors need to find new treatments as the traditional antineoplastic therapy did not achieve satisfactory results for all thyroid cancers ( 4 ). Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore new biological indicators and molecular mechanisms of THCA to help achieve accurate treatment and provide new targets for immunotherapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Prognostic Alternative Splicing Reveals the Landscape of Immune Microenvironment in Thyroid Cancer

Sun

et al. 2021

Front. Oncol.

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BackgroundThe incidence of thyroid cancer (THCA) continues to increase in recent decades. Accumulating evidence showed that the unbalanced alternative splicing (AS) promotes the occurrence of cancers and leads to poor prognosis of patients. However, the research on alternative splicing events in THCA is lacking, and its underlying mechanism is not fully understood. This study identifies a novel prognostic signature based on AS events to reveal the relationship of AS with tumor immune microenvironment.MethodsBased on the AS data, transcriptional data, and clinical information, the differentially expressed alternative splicings (DEASs) were screened out. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and multi-Cox regression analyses were employed to identify prognostic results related to AS events and establish a prognostic signature. The predictive ability of the signature was assessed by Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival curve, risk plots, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Furthermore, correlations between tumor-infiltrating immune cells, immune checkpoints, immune score and prognostic signature were analyzed.ResultsAccording to the LASSO regression analysis, a total of five AS events were selected to construct the signature. K-M survival curve showed that the higher the risk score, the worse the OS of the patients. Risk plots further confirmed this result. ROC curves indicated the high predictive efficiency of the prognostic signature. As for tumor immune microenvironment, patients in the high-risk group had a higher proportion of immune cells, including plasma cell, CD8+ T cell, macrophages (M0 and M2), and activated dendritic cell. Immune checkpoint proteins, such as PDCD1LG2, HAVCR2, CD274, etc., were significantly higher in the high-risk group. We also found that the ESTIMATE score, stromal score, and immune score were lower in the high-risk group, while the result of tumor purity was the opposite.ConclusionsCollectively, a prognostic signature consisting of five AS events in THCA was established. Furthermore, there was an inextricable correlation between immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint proteins, and AS events. This study will provide a basis for THCA immunotherapy in the future.

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Personalized treatment for differentiated thyroid cancer: current data and new perspectives

Cited by 14 publications

References 255 publications

The Tumor Microenvironment and the Estrogen Loop in Thyroid Cancer

The Tumor Microenvironment and the Estrogen Loop in Thyroid Cancer

Analysis of Expression of Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) and BRAFV600E Mutation in Thyroid Cancer

Analysis of Prognostic Alternative Splicing Reveals the Landscape of Immune Microenvironment in Thyroid Cancer

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