Persons injured in the 2011 terror attacks in Norway - Relationship between post-traumatic stress symptoms, emotional distress, fatigue, sleep, and pain outcomes, and medical and psychosocial factors

Løvstad, Marianne; Månum, Grethe; Wisløff-Aase, Kristin; Hafstad, Gertrud Sofie; Ræder, Johan; Larsen, Ingar H.; Stanghelle, Johan Kvalvik; Schanke, Anne‐Kristine

doi:10.1080/09638288.2019.1585489

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…The finding in our study that injured survivors sustained higher levels of later somatic complaints than the non-injured survivors did resonate with parts of the limited, yet growing, amount of research on somatic health problems among injured mass trauma survivors. Also, it corresponds with findings from other studies on injured survivors after the July 22nd attacks demonstrating high levels of various somatic health problems both among hospitalized and non-hospitalized injured survivors (Grimholt et al, 2018;Manum et al, 2019;Wisloff-Aase et al, 2019). In the long-term aftermath of the attacks, studies have reported positive significant associations between trauma-sustained injury and heart and respiratory disease and reported reduced physical health functioning (Alper et al, 2017;Brackbill et al, 2019;Brackbill et al, 2014).…”

Section: Physical Injury and Somatic Complaintssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…In other studies after traumatic mass events, hospitalized survivors have been found to sustain significantly higher levels of PTSR than non-injured survivors (Abenhaim et al, 1992; Dyster-Aas et al, 2012), corresponding well with high, although varying, levels of PTSR in studies including hospitalized trauma survivors only (Lovstad et al, 2019;Skogstad et al, 2014). High levels of PTSR among hospitalized trauma survivors are plausible due to a range of factors such as high levels of perceived threat, sequela from the injuries such as pain, physical handicap, and disfigurement, and hospital treatment (Brennstuhl et al, 2015;Bryant, 2011;Desivilya et al, 1996;Gold et al, 2008;Koren et al, 2006;.…”

Section: Hospitalized Survivorsmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Also, a dose-response relationship has been found between the level of required care and number of somatic symptoms and medical diagnoses, and between the number of injury types and later respiratory and heart disease (Alper et al, 2017;Brackbill et al, 2014;Shariat et al, 1999). In studies assessing the effect of injury severity measured by ISS, a correlate corresponding with physical morbidity and mortality after physical trauma, the effect on later somatic health varies but often does not predict later self-reported physical health outcomes (Greenspan & Kellermann, 2002;Lovstad et al, 2019;van Delft-Schreurs et al, 2017;Wisloff-Aase et al, 2019;Zatzick et al, 2003).…”

Section: Physical Injury and Somatic Complaintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychosocial care for hospitalized young survivors after the terror attack on Utøya Island: A qualitative study of the survivors’ experiences

Bugge

Jensen

Nilsen

et al. 2019

Injury

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The origin of the project One peaceful summer day in 2011, Friday the 22nd of July, Norway was hit by two devastating terrorist attacks. A man, dressed as a police officer, detonated a bomb outside the Oslo government building and then entered a political summer camp for adolescents and young adults at Utøya Island one hour's drive outside Oslo. Heavily armed, he hunted down and targeted the camp participants. The perpetrator killed 77 people, eight in the bomb attack and 69 in the Utøya shooting attack. In total, more than 150 victims sustained physical injuries. Ten survivors from the bomb attack and 33 survivors from the Utøya attack were hospitalized due to physical injuries at Oslo University Hospital (OUS) and at local hospitals situated near Utøya Island (Vestre Viken Hospital Trust). Since 2008, I had been working as a child and adolescent psychiatrist at OUS, Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health in Hospital (S-BUP). Through my daily work, I had met medically ill or injured children and adolescents struggling with how to live with their compromised bodies. Being at work during the critical days in July 2011, I became part of the psychosocial crisis team that was mobilized to handle the extraordinary situation. The psychiatrists, psychologists, nurses, and social workers in the team contributed to providing psychosocial care for the hospitalized youths and their families. We sought to offer empathetic and practical support with a focus on rebuilding the feeling of safety and stabilization of affects and arousal. The team also provided support and supervision to the regular health care personnel. For me, many questions arose subsequently: Was our support helpful? What was important for the youths in this profoundly stressful situation? Would they cope with their challenges of distress and grief, and how would the psychological and physical trauma affect their health over time? Trond H. Diseth, who took part in organizing the psychosocial support in the hospital, and I applied for funding of this doctoral dissertation focusing on the physically injured survivors of the Utøya shooting attack. The project was developed as a part of the Utøya study led by principal investigator Grete Dyb at the Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies (NKVTS). From August 2013, I started my PhD project and took part in the Utøya project group at NKVTS contributing to the conduction of the study. The Faculty of

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Section: Physical Injury and Somatic Complaintssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Hospitalized Survivorsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Physical Injury and Somatic Complaintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Psychosocial care for hospitalized young survivors after the terror attack on Utøya Island: A qualitative study of the survivors’ experiences

Bugge

Jensen

Nilsen

et al. 2019

Injury

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Searching PubMed in August 2021 revealed more than 20,000 results when employing search words 'factors emotional distress'. In Table 4, we present a non-systematic collection of this literature to shed light on how our a priori selection of factors, viewed from a clinical perspective, aligns with previous work [25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. Several of the factors we found were associated with the level of distress immediately after the lockdown in the general Norwegian population, such as female gender, younger age, and expected lower income; these factors also evident as risk factors of deteriorating mental health in a recent systematic review of the impact of COVID-19 on mental health, with data from close to 100,000 participants from several continents [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age and Emotional Distress during COVID-19: Findings from Two Waves of the Norwegian Citizen Panel

Berge

Gedde

Husebø

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Older adults face the highest risk of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. We investigated a one-year change in emotions and factors associated with emotional distress immediately after the onset of the pandemic, with emphasis on older age. Methods: The online Norwegian Citizen Panel includes participants drawn randomly from the Norwegian Population Registry. Emotional distress was defined as the sum score of negative (anxious, worried, sad or low, irritated, and lonely) minus positive emotions (engaged, calm and relaxed, happy). Results: Respondents to both surveys (n = 967) reported a one-year increase in emotional distress, mainly driven by elevated anxiety and worrying, but we found no difference in change by age. Multilevel mixed-effects linear regression comparing older age, economy-, and health-related factors showed that persons in their 60s (ß −1.87 (95%CI: −3.71, −0.04)) and 70s/80s (ß: −2.58 (−5.00, −0–17)) had decreased risk of emotional distress relative to persons under 60 years. Female gender (2.81 (1.34, 4.28)), expecting much lower income (5.09 (2.00, 8.17)), uncertainty whether infected with SARS-Cov2 (2.92 (1.21, 4.63)), and high self-rated risk of infection (1.77 (1.01, 2.53)) were associated with high levels of emotional distress. Conclusions: Knowledge of national determinants of distress is crucial to tailor accurate public health interventions in future outbreaks.

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“…[12][13][14][15][16] Some have also investigated post-traumatic stress disorder from exposure to terrorist attacks. [17][18][19][20][21][22] It should also be noted that the provision of psychological support to terrorist victims in developing countries is less than that of developed countries. This is linked not only to a lack of social and financial resources, but also to a lack of policies and legal protections that specifically accommodate these interests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Victimization and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder of Victims of Terrorism in Indonesia

Ufran,

Erlyn Indarti,

Adji Samekto

2021

MLU

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Terror attacks result in prolonged traumatic effects on both victims and survivors. Previous studies have analyzed the effects of terror attacks on the psychological condition of post-traumatic stress disorder from exposure to terrorist attacks. This article discusses victims of terrorism in Indonesia based on data from 2008-2018. The use of data over the span of several years is important to determine the trend of victimization so that a response can be made to reduce the suffering of victims. This perspective also includes counterterrorism efforts to minimize the suffering of victims directly or indirectly due to terrorism. The criminal justice system can also reform paradigmatically, providing fulfillment of the rights of victims in accordance with applicable legal norms.

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Persons injured in the 2011 terror attacks in Norway - Relationship between post-traumatic stress symptoms, emotional distress, fatigue, sleep, and pain outcomes, and medical and psychosocial factors

Cited by 10 publications

References 96 publications

Psychosocial care for hospitalized young survivors after the terror attack on Utøya Island: A qualitative study of the survivors’ experiences

Psychosocial care for hospitalized young survivors after the terror attack on Utøya Island: A qualitative study of the survivors’ experiences

Age and Emotional Distress during COVID-19: Findings from Two Waves of the Norwegian Citizen Panel

Victimization and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder of Victims of Terrorism in Indonesia

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