Persons Who Fear Freedom and Equality Are the Ones Who Most Blame Women Who are Victims of Acquaintance Rape

Canto, Jesús M.; Martín, Jesús San; Perles, Fabiola; Vallejo, Macarena

doi:10.1177/1077801220909896

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…This result means that people who want to maintain existing social hierarchies and accept the oppression of lower status people are also more likely to endorse rape myths. Our results are in line with the findings of other studies suggesting that higher social dominance orientation is connected to higher victim blaming (Canto et al, 2020), and higher rape myth acceptance (Manoussaki & Hayne, 2019), found even in case of police officers (Murphy & Hine, 2019). Similarly to Chapleau et al (2007), we found that those with higher gender system justification accepted rape myths more, which means that people who think that gender differences are justifiable and men deserve their higher status are more likely blame the victim and exonerate the perpetrator for rape.…”

Section: Discussion Of Studysupporting

confidence: 92%

Rape myth acceptance as a relevant psychological construct in a gender-unequal context: The Hungarian adaptation of the updated Illinois rape myths acceptance scale

Nyúl

Kende

2021

Curr Psychol

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The Updated Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale (UIRMAS) has been widely used for measuring rape myth acceptance. The scale was created in the United States, however studies have shown that rape myth is a culturally and socially embedded phenomenon. Therefore, in order to measure rape myth acceptance in other parts of the world, the scale needs to be validated. Victim blaming and rape myths are both widespread in public reactions to rape in Hungary (i.e., in media reports and public opinion). Furthermore, Hungary can be characterized by a weak feminist movement and scoring low on gender equality measures. Nevertheless, we expected and found the reliability and validity of the Hungarian version of the Updated Illinois Rape myth acceptance Scale (UIRMAS). In Study 1 we conducted a confirmative factor analysis to assess the structural validity of the scale and identified the original factors of UIRMAS on a large convenience sample (N = 758, 25.4% men 74.6% women). In line with previous empirical evidence we also found that men, people with stronger just-world beliefs and higher sexism accepted rape myths more. In Study 2 we again found support for the original factor structure and construct validity of UIRMAS on a nationally representative sample (N = 1007, 49.2% men 50.8% women), and also tested its convergent and discriminant validity. The results suggest that UIRMAS is a valid and reliable scale in the Hungarian context that can, for example, be used for measuring impact assessment of interventions.

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Section: Discussion Of Studysupporting

confidence: 92%

Rape myth acceptance as a relevant psychological construct in a gender-unequal context: The Hungarian adaptation of the updated Illinois rape myths acceptance scale

Nyúl

Kende

2021

Curr Psychol

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“…In other words, despite the fact that the women in this study attributed more blame to the perpetrator and lesser blame to the victim on average, their beliefs in hierarchy informed their sense of who was blameworthy in these scenarios. In addition, consistent with findings from Canto et al (2020), women’s SDO levels in this study share a stronger positive relationship with hostile sexism than with benevolent sexism.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The degree to which an individual endorses the belief that hierarchies are important or inherent in a functioning society has been coined “social dominance orientation” (SDO; Pratto et al, 1994), while sexism relates specifically to a belief in women’s subordinate place in the gender hierarchy. Several studies have found that SDO is positively correlated with both hostile sexism and rape myth acceptance (Canto et al, 2020; Hockett et al, 2009; Pratto et al, 1994), and that it predicts more blame toward the female victim of a date rape scenario and less blame toward the male perpetrator (Lambert & Raichle, 2000). According to this line of research, both men and women who blame victims for SA are more likely to have an underlying tendency to support hierarchy in general and male dominance in particular (Persson & Dhingra, 2020).…”

Section: Influences On How Women Attribute Blame For Others’ Experien...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in Women’s Attribution of Blame for Sexual Assault

Strickler,

Martin,

Khong

et al. 2023

J Interpers Violence

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In the United States, sexual assault (SA) is a significant problem that has adverse psychological impacts on women. Scholarship has shown that when survivors choose to disclose their experiences, the way their networks react has a powerful impact on their well-being, but literature on response to SA disclosure has not extensively explored variation among women, who are likely recipients of these disclosures. This study explored variation among perceptions of and blame attribution for SA within a geographically and politically diverse but primarily White sample of women. Participants were assigned one of four vignettes, each of which described a non-stereotypical SA. The vignettes differed in two ways: (1) the social status of the perpetrator of the assault and (2) the length of time the victim waited to report. Results showed that being older and more politically conservative was associated with assigning less blame to the perpetrator and more blame to the victim, but neither education level nor where the participant lived were linked with blame attribution. While women’s own experiences of SA were unrelated to their responses, having a loved one who had experienced SA was associated with less victim blaming. With respect to attitudes, women endorsing higher levels of social dominance orientation (SDO) and sexism also reported higher levels of victim blame and lower levels of perpetrator blame. Further research should explore the role of specific personal experiences and knowledge of others’ SA in assignment of blame, investigate the predictors and moderators of SDO, and should extend these findings to more racially/ethnically diverse samples of women.

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“…This finding is regardless of scenario and participant gender. Furthermore, this finding is similar to previous researchers' findings that individuals high in RWA are more likely to blame victims (e.g., Canto et al, 2021;Spaccatini et al, 2019). Therefore, individuals who were more politically conservative were more likely to blame Asian victims compared to individuals who were less politically conservative.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Gender and Political Conservatism as Predictors of Blaming Asian Victims of Hate Crimes in the U.S. during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Yamawaki¹,

Green²,

Wang³

et al. 2021

PSYCH

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential impact of U.S. government official's comments regarding the source of COVID-19 on individuals' perceptions and tendencies to blame Asian victims of hate crimes in the U.S. Moreover, we examined how political conservatism and beliefs about the origin and spreading of COVID-19 impact participants' victim blaming toward Asian victims of hate crimes. Participants (N = 100; 46 women, 54 men) were recruited via Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk). Participants were randomly assigned to read one of the two scenarios that either discussed COVID-19 with no direct inferences of blame toward the origin of COVID-19 or with directly placed blame on the origin of COVID-19. There were no significant main effects of the scenario or participants' gender on blaming the victim. However, we found that men who were presented COVID-19 origin information were more likely to blame Asian victims compared to men who were not given origin information. Moreover, political conservatism was a significant predictor of blaming Asian victims of hate crimes. Possible explanations for the results and future research directions were discussed.

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Persons Who Fear Freedom and Equality Are the Ones Who Most Blame Women Who are Victims of Acquaintance Rape

Cited by 8 publications

References 52 publications

Rape myth acceptance as a relevant psychological construct in a gender-unequal context: The Hungarian adaptation of the updated Illinois rape myths acceptance scale

Rape myth acceptance as a relevant psychological construct in a gender-unequal context: The Hungarian adaptation of the updated Illinois rape myths acceptance scale

Variations in Women’s Attribution of Blame for Sexual Assault

Gender and Political Conservatism as Predictors of Blaming Asian Victims of Hate Crimes in the U.S. during the COVID-19 Pandemic

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