Perspective of garlic processing wastes as low‐cost substrates for production of high‐added value products: A review

Abstract

The large amounts of solid biological wastes produced in industrial activities increases production costs. As a consequence, it is common to develop strategies to reuse these wastes by transforming them for usage in other processes/industries. This paper is the first paper examining the use of garlic by‐products as bioresource. This study delineates firstly the physicochemical and biological characterization of garlic by‐products such as straw and peels, secondly provides the various applications of garlic by‐products in different domains and unveils their potential for industrial applications such as feed alimentation, soil amendment and bioenergy. They presented potential exploitation as bioadsorbents for wastewater treatment. Finally, these by‐products could be exploited for further industrial purposes such as extraction of bioactive components and extraction of functional ingredients and production of phenolic compounds and biofuel such as biogas and bio‐oil. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 1765–1777, 2017

Co-ensiling garlic stalk with citrus pulp improves the fermentation quality and feed-nutritional value

“…ii) The GS contains a high ash concentration (approximately 15%), which would increase the buffering capacity, thus resisting silage mass acidification [5]. iii) GS has a hollow and tubular structure [4] that increases the porosity of GS mass, accelerates the aerobic microbial activity during the early phase of ensiling, and thus converts readily available carbohydrates into carbon dioxide and water [5]. These factors collectively result in an inefficient anaerobic fermentation and slow acidification [20].…”

“…However, during the harvesting season large quantities of garlic stalk (GS) accumulate, which exceeds the amount needed for immediate use. Thus, the surplus is simply decomposed into the soil or incinerated, the latter resulting in environmental concerns [2,4]. This demands the development of an efficient conservation technology for its long-term use.…”

Characterization and Valorization of ‘Sulmona Red Garlic’ Peels and Small Bulbs

“…The garlic tunicae, non-suitable for the market because generally discarded by the consumers, represents, on average, the 3.5% of the bulbs. This means that, considering a production of 6.5–15 million tons of garlic per year, as reported by Kallel and Chaabouny [ 17 ], a range of 230 and 520 thousand tons/year of discarded wastes are produced. In the light of these consideration, it becomes even clearer that the outer white tunica and the inner red tunica, represent waste products that deserve to be valorized.…”

Optimization of Crude Inulin Extraction from Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Agro-industrial Waste using the Response Surface Methodology.

“…By 2012, more than 3.7 million tons of garlic by-products were generated from the garlic processing industry (Kallel and Chaabouni 2017), representing more than 15% of the whole worldwide production (FAO 2019). The damages cloves, straw and husk can be utilized to extract bioactive compounds (Dietrich et al 2016;El-Mashad et al 2019) like dietary fiber (Chandrashekara and Venkatesh 2016), polysaccharides (Hughes et al 2017), polyphenols (Ichikawa et al 2003), cellulose (Reddy and Rhim 2018), lignin, and to absorb the heavy metals (Liu et al 2014;Chen et al 2018).…”