Perspective of the role of hydrogen in the 21st century energy transition

Capurso, Tommaso; Stefanizzi, Michele; Torresi, Marco; Camporeale, Sergio Mario

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114898

Cited by 432 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…On the other hand, it is also expected that even larger supplies of surplus electricity will be generated in the future, due to the increased share of variable renewable sources in the energy mix in most parts of the world, leading to increased need for RES energy curtailment [148,167]. Nevertheless, given the bottlenecks in large-scale electricity storage and the absence of other available transformation technologies at a sufficiently high TRL, this unavoidably intermittent excess electric energy is essentially projected to drive the development of readily available and mass-produced H 2 via water electrolysis [19,148].…”

Section: Integration Of Captured Co 2 With Res-derived Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Provided that the large-scale deployment of electricity storage via accumulators and batteries will continue to be considered as a bottleneck owing to high costs and other practicalities [14] as well as the inherently intermittent nature of solar/wind energy provision due to meteorological fluctuations, it becomes clear that a means of curtailment of excess electricity provided by variable renewables at higher scales needs to be implemented. In this sense, the use of this excess power for large-scale hydrogen production via water electrolysis is becoming more attractive, since H 2 is a highly energetic molecule that is expected to hold a key role in the decarbonization of key industrial sectors and energy generation [15][16][17][18][19]. In this perspective, EU plans to install between 13-56 GW of electrolyzer capacity to cover the estimated hydrogen demand in the low and high scenarios, respectively [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Advances on CO2 Mitigation Technologies: On the Role of Hydrogenation Route via Green H2

et al. 2022

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The increasing trend in global energy demand has led to an extensive use of fossil fuels and subsequently in a marked increase in atmospheric CO2 content, which is the main culprit for the greenhouse effect. In order to successfully reverse this trend, many schemes for CO2 mitigation have been proposed, taking into consideration that large-scale decarbonization is still infeasible. At the same time, the projected increase in the share of variable renewables in the future energy mix will necessitate large-scale curtailment of excess energy. Collectively, the above crucial problems can be addressed by the general scheme of CO2 hydrogenation. This refers to the conversion of both captured CO2 and green H2 produced by RES-powered water electrolysis for the production of added-value chemicals and fuels, which are a great alternative to CO2 sequestration and the use of green H2 as a standalone fuel. Indeed, direct utilization of both CO2 and H2 via CO2 hydrogenation offers, on the one hand, the advantage of CO2 valorization instead of its permanent storage, and the direct transformation of otherwise curtailed excess electricity to stable and reliable carriers such as methane and methanol on the other, thereby bypassing the inherent complexities associated with the transformation towards a H2-based economy. In light of the above, herein an overview of the two main CO2 abatement schemes, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) and Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU), is firstly presented, focusing on the route of CO2 hydrogenation by green electrolytic hydrogen. Next, the integration of large-scale RES-based H2 production with CO2 capture units on-site industrial point sources for the production of added-value chemicals and energy carriers is contextualized and highlighted. In this regard, a specific reference is made to the so-called Power-to-X schemes, exemplified by the production of synthetic natural gas via the Power-to-Gas route. Lastly, several outlooks towards the future of CO2 hydrogenation are presented.

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Section: Integration Of Captured Co 2 With Res-derived Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances on CO2 Mitigation Technologies: On the Role of Hydrogenation Route via Green H2

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In response to increasing risks of global warming and climate change, a number of large-scale hydrogen energy programs have been established over the past few years [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Projects implemented within such programs involve the manipulation of hydrogen and hydrogen-related compounds, including their safe production, storage, transportation, and utilization [ 7 , 8 ]. From this viewpoint, high-temperature electrochemical devices such as solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and electrolysis cells (SOECs), belonging to a broad canvas of hydrogen-related energy approaches, represent one of the most efficient means of energy-conversion for various purposes [ 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nickel-Containing Perovskites, PrNi0.4Fe0.6O3–δ and PrNi0.4Co0.6O3–δ, as Potential Electrodes for Protonic Ceramic Electrochemical Cells

et al. 2022

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Protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) offer a convenient means of converting chemical energy into electricity with high performance and efficiency at low- and intermediate-temperature ranges. However, in order to ensure good life-time stability of PCFCs, it is necessary to ensure rational chemical design in functional materials. Within the present work, we propose new Ni-based perovskite phases of PrNi0.4M0.6O3–δ (where M = Co, Fe) for potential utilization in protonic ceramic electrochemical cells. Along with their successful synthesis, functional properties of the PrNi0.4M0.6O3–δ materials, such as chemical compatibility with a number of oxygen-ionic and proton-conducting electrolytes, thermal expansion behavior, electrical conductivity, and electrochemical behavior, were comprehensively studied. According to the obtained data, the Co-containing nickelate exhibits excellent conductivity and polarization behavior; on the other hand, it demonstrates a high reactivity with all studied electrolytes along with elevated thermal expansion coefficients. Conversely, while the iron-based nickelate had superior chemical and thermal compatibility, its transport characteristics were 2–5 times worse. Although, PrNi0.4Co0.6O3–δ and PrNi0.4Fe0.6O3–δ represent some disadvantages, this work provides a promising pathway for further improvement of Ni-based perovskite electrodes.

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“…Hydrogen energy refers to the chemical energy released by hydrogen combustion, that is, hydrogen reacting with oxygen to generate water and release heat [1]. Hydrogen and oxygen can be directly converted into electrical energy within the fuel cell [2], or as an intermediate carrier of heat and mechanical energy to achieve energy conversion [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Brown’s Gas on Cracking Behavior of Gas-Phase Tar during Pine Wood Pyrolysis

Yang

Cui

et al. 2022

Processes

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The effect of Brown’s gas on the gas-phase tar cracking behavior, carbonic oxide (CO) production rate, and gaseous product temperature during the pine wood pyrolysis was preliminarily explored. By the application of cold trapping and gravimetric methods, it was found that Brown’s gas reduces the energy barrier of thermochemical conversion for gas-phase tar, widens the temperature range of gas-phase tar accelerated cracking, and increases the cracking rate. When the pyrolysis temperature increases by 1 °C, the average cracking rate of gas-phase tar increases from C = 4.58 g⋅Nm−3 (flow volume ratio of Brown’s gas to nitrogen, X(Brown’s gas):N2 = 0%) to C = 4.8 g⋅Nm−3 (X:N2 = 1%) and C = 5.02 g⋅Nm−3 (X:N2 = 5%). While participating in the deep cracking of gas-phase tar, Brown’s gas reduces the conversion energy barrier of the gas-phase tar to CO. The CO production rate rises from the initial 1.87% (X:N2 = 0%) to 4.22% (X:N2 = 1%) and 5.52% (X:N2 = 5%) per 1 °C of increased pyrolysis temperature. The consumption of Brown’s gas is 0.32 m3 per 1 g⋅Nm−3 of gas-phase tar cracking within the pyrolysis residence time of 30 min.

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Perspective of the role of hydrogen in the 21st century energy transition

Cited by 432 publications

References 93 publications

Recent Advances on CO2 Mitigation Technologies: On the Role of Hydrogenation Route via Green H2

Recent Advances on CO2 Mitigation Technologies: On the Role of Hydrogenation Route via Green H2

Nickel-Containing Perovskites, PrNi0.4Fe0.6O3–δ and PrNi0.4Co0.6O3–δ, as Potential Electrodes for Protonic Ceramic Electrochemical Cells

Influence of Brown’s Gas on Cracking Behavior of Gas-Phase Tar during Pine Wood Pyrolysis

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