Perspective on terahertz spectroscopy of graphene

Иванов, И. А.; Bonn, Mischa; Mics, Zoltán; Turchinovich, Dmitry

doi:10.1209/0295-5075/111/67001

Cited by 33 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…For the case of T e ≪ E F / k B , which corresponds to a sharp Fermi edge, only the electron scattering time at the Fermi energy, τ = τ( E F ), matters, and Equation reduces to the following Drude‐type expression

{\overset{σ}{true}}_{intra} (ω) = \frac{2 e^{2} τ}{π ℏ^{2} (1 - i ω τ)} k_{normalB} T_{normale} \ln ([], 2 normalcosh false(E_{F} normal/ 2 k_{B} T_{e} false))

…”

Section: Light–matter Interaction In Graphene In the Linear Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Copyright 2018, Springer Nature), c) the corresponding Fermi–Dirac distribution before and after the THz excitation showing a smearing‐out of the hot carrier distribution in the band accompanied by a downshift in the chemical potential to maintain the total carrier density (the area under the curves in (b)) constant, and d) illustration of spectral weight conservation for inter‐ and intraband transitions in graphene. Reduction of chemical potential for hotter electron population leads to increase of the spectral weight for interband transitions (as a result of Pauli‐unblocking), which is compensated by the reduction of the spectral weight of intraband conductivity in graphene (c,d: Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2015, IOP Publishing).…”

Section: Terahertz Nonlinear Interactions In Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

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Terahertz Nonlinear Optics of Graphene: From Saturable Absorption to High‐Harmonics Generation

Hafez

Kovalev

Tielrooij

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

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126

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visible light frequencies, corresponding to interband transitions leading to electron-hole pair generation. [5,6,12] In the case of doped graphene, that is, graphene containing a certain concentration of free electrons or holes, Drude-like conductivity was observed at far-infrared and terahertz (THz) frequencies, corresponding to intraband free-carrier absorption. [8,9,[12][13][14][15] Further, theoretical studies predicted strong nonlinear interaction of graphene with intense light fields, in particular at the technologically important THz frequencies (typically, in the range 0.1-10 THz), [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] as originating from both interband and intraband electron dynamics. These predictions were inspired by the unique band structure of graphene: absence of a bandgap and linear energy-momentum dispersion for its electrons. [2,3,[26][27][28] A plethora of strong nonlinear effects in graphene in the IR and optical frequency ranges, originating from interband electron dynamics, was successfully demonstrated, including saturable absorption and nonlinear refraction, [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] higherharmonic generation, [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] and wave-mixing processes [48][49][50] (see also reviews [51][52][53] ). At THz frequencies, however, until recently only saturable absorption effects in doped graphene, [54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61] and induced multiphoton-like absorption in multilayer near-intrinsic graphene were successfully demonstrated. [62] At the same time, the observation of the long sought-after effect of THz higher-order harmonics generation, Graphene has long been predicted to show exceptional nonlinear optical properties, especially in the technologically important terahertz (THz) frequency range. Recent experiments have shown that this atomically thin material indeed exhibits possibly the largest nonlinear coefficients of any material known to date, paving the way for practical graphene-based applications in ultrafast (opto-)electronics operating at THz rates. Here the advances in the booming field of nonlinear THz optics of graphene are reported, and the state-of-the-art understanding of the nature of the nonlinear interaction of graphene with the THz fields based on the thermodynamic model of electron transport in graphene is described. A comparison between different mechanisms of nonlinear interaction of graphene with light fields in THz, infrared, and visible frequency ranges is also provided. Finally, the perspectives for the expected technological applications of graphene based on its extraordinary THz nonlinear properties are summarized. This report covers the evolution of the field of THz nonlinear optics of graphene from the very pioneering to the state-of-the-art works. It also serves as a concise overview of the current understanding of THz nonlinear optics of graphene and as a compact reference for researchers entering the field, as well as for the technology developers.

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{\overset{σ}{true}}_{intra} (ω) = \frac{2 e^{2} τ}{π ℏ^{2} (1 - i ω τ)} k_{normalB} T_{normale} \ln ([], 2 normalcosh false(E_{F} normal/ 2 k_{B} T_{e} false))

…”

Section: Light–matter Interaction In Graphene In the Linear Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Terahertz Nonlinear Interactions In Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

Terahertz Nonlinear Optics of Graphene: From Saturable Absorption to High‐Harmonics Generation

Hafez

Kovalev

Tielrooij

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

Self Cite

126

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Consequently, the induced transmission on timescales longer than 100 fs depends only on pump fluence, but not on pump photon energy. Many recent tr-ARPES and pump-probe experiments can be described very well by the thermodynamic model [11,15,17,39]. In these experiments ultrafast thermalization is ensured by the excitation conditions, leading to both strong Coulomb and electron-phonon scattering.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Slow Noncollinear Coulomb Scattering in the Vicinity of the Dirac Point in Graphene

et al. 2016

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“…(12) enables the possibility to get reliable results also on very thin samples provided that the absorption coefficient α(ω) is enough high. Indeed, full two-dimensional systems like single graphene layers have been extensively investigated through THz-TDS systems thanks to the robust absorption coefficient α graphene ∼ 5 μm −1 [42][43][44].…”

Section: Thz Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

THz Measurement Systems

Angrisani¹,

Cavallo²,

Liccardo³

et al. 2016

New Trends and Developments in Metrology

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The terahertz (THz) frequency region is often defined as the last unexplored area of the electromagnetic spectrum. Over the past few years, the full access has been the objective of intense research efforts. Progress in this area has played an important role in opening up the possibility of using THz electromagnetic radiation (T-waves) in science and in realworld applications. T-waves are not perceptible by the human eye, are not ionizing, and have the ability to cross many non-conducting materials such as paper, fabrics, wood, plastic, and organic tissues. Moreover, the use of THz radiation allows non-destructive analysis of the materials under investigation both by study of their "fingerprint" via spectroscopic measurements and by high-resolution spatial imaging operations, exploiting the see-through capability of T-waves. Such technology can be applied in diverse areas, spanning from biology to chemical, pharmaceutical, environmental sciences, etc. In this chapter, we will present the typical architecture of measurement systems based on the THz technology, detailing what are the parameters that define their performance, the measurement methods, and the related errors and uncertainty, and focusing at the end on the use of time-domain spectroscopy for the evaluation of different material properties in this specific frequency region.

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Perspective on terahertz spectroscopy of graphene

Cited by 33 publications

References 66 publications

Terahertz Nonlinear Optics of Graphene: From Saturable Absorption to High‐Harmonics Generation

Terahertz Nonlinear Optics of Graphene: From Saturable Absorption to High‐Harmonics Generation

Slow Noncollinear Coulomb Scattering in the Vicinity of the Dirac Point in Graphene

THz Measurement Systems

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