Cosmetic products comprise a variety of nutrient-rich ingredients that favor microbial growth, and the microbial contamination of cosmetics is a health risk for consumers. Preservatives are an essential component to inhibit the development of microorganisms and to prolong the shelf life and usage time of cosmetic products. 1 Unfortunately, preservatives have been reported to cause skin irritation and be a common source of allergies in cosmetic and household products. 2-4 Based on the frequency of use and the prevalence of skin side effects, the prominent preservatives in cosmetics comprise phenoxyethanol, parabens, formaldehyde releasers, isothiazolinones, and organic acids. 5,6 Their health effects are not only due to the induction of skin irritation but also to their multiple sources of exposure resulting in both occupational and nonoccupational contact dermatitis. 7,8 Considering the widespread use of preservatives in daily life, it is a great challenge to evaluate the skin irritation potential of these preservatives and elucidate their underlying mechanisms.