Perspectives for the Treatment of Brucellosis in the 21st Century: The Ioannina Recommendations

Abstract

The authors provide evidence-based guidance on treating human brucellosis, and discuss the future clinical trials that would help address the controversies surrounding treatment.

Brucellosis at the animal/ecosystem/human interface at the beginning of the 21st century

“…PREVET (2011), doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2011.04.007 xxx (2011) xxx-xxx weeks or an alternative aminoglycoside, instead of the administration of rifampin. However, the latter treatment is characterized by lower relapse rates (Ariza et al, 2007;Corbel, 2006). For a successful therapy of focal complications and chronic courses triple or tetra combinations of the antimicrobial drugs mentioned and longer treatment courses (>45 days) are essential.…”

Guidelines for the management of human brucellosis in the State of Paraná, Brazil

“…Due to its characteristics, Brucella spp. cultivation requires biosafety laboratory level three; the isolated is classified as category A as a potential agent for the use of biological weapons by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the United States 7 . There are several species of Brucella, most of which are specific to some animals.…”

Bartonella and Brucella--Weapons and Strategies for Stealth Attack

“…It is endemic in several regions where animal brucellosis is prevalent and is estimated to be the major bacterial zoonosis worldwide. Malta fever is demanding to treat with antibiotics, and there are no vaccines for humans that prevent infection (Memish and Balkhy 2004;Young 2005;Pappas et al 2006;Ariza et al 2007;Pappas 2010). It is transmitted by contact with infected animals, most often goats, sheep, or camels infected with B. melitensis, cattle infected with B. abortus, or swine infected with B. suis.…”