Perspectives in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Screening,Diagnosis, and Treatment

Perkins, Jennifer M.; Dunn, Julia P.; Jagasia, Shubhada

doi:10.2337/diaclin.25.2.57

Cited by 91 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…In Saudi Arabia, The prevalence of GDM ranges from 3.8 to 12.5 % according to American Diabetes Association and World Health Organization criteria, respectively [8]. Maternal hyperglycemia causes increased glucose delivery to the fetus, resulting in fetal hyperinsulinemia and increased fetal growth [9]. This plethora of risks demonstrates the importance of early risk stratification with appropriate screening and diagnosis and of therapeutic interventions that maintain optimal glycemic control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Leptin, Adiponectin, Resistin, Visfatin and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha in Normal and Gestational Diabetes

Noureldeen

Qusti²,

Al‐Seeni³

et al. 2013

Ind J Clin Biochem

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Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common medical complication associated with pregnancy. The present study evaluates the changes in maternal adipocytokines (leptin, adiponectin, resistin, visfatin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha; TNF-a) in pregnancy complicated with GDM compared to normal pregnancy at 2nd and 3rd trimesters. The study included total number of 142 pregnant women classified into 4 groups: normal pregnancy (n = 33) and pregnancy with GDM (n = 24) both at 2nd trimester and normal pregnancy (n = 38) and GDM (n = 47) at 3rd trimester. Both GDM groups were significantly presented with elevated body mass index, fasting blood sugar and abnormal oral glucose tolerance test compared to their matched control. Results indicated reduction in maternal serum leptin and adiponectin in GDM compared to normal pregnancy at 3rd trimester. Elevated resistin and TNF-a were evident among pregnancy complicated with GDM at both tested trimesters. On the other hand, significant elevation in maternal visfatin was noted between GDM and matched control at 2nd trimester only. Significant increase in maternal leptin and visfatin and resistin was noted by advances in gestational period in healthy pregnancy. On the other hand, reduced adiponectin and elevated visfatin mean values were noticed in GDM at 3rd compared to 2nd trimester. It could be concluded that increased insulin resistance accompanies GDM is associated with suppressed leptin and adiponectin and increased resistin and TNF-a which might suggest their involvement in the development of GDM.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Leptin, Adiponectin, Resistin, Visfatin and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha in Normal and Gestational Diabetes

Noureldeen

Qusti²,

Al‐Seeni³

et al. 2013

Ind J Clin Biochem

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“…Complications in fetus extends to fetal macrosomia, neonatal morbidity and mortality due to congenital anomalies, excessive fetal growth, respiratory distress syndrome, neonatal hypoglycemia and hypocalcemia, hypomagnesaemia, hyper bilirubinemia and polycythemia [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gestational diabetes prevalence and risk factors among pregnant women — Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia

Abdelmola

Mahfouz

Gahtani

et al. 2017

Clinical Diabetology

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“…2,3,6,10,21 What is less clear is the extent to which prenatal care could be associated with excessive fetal growth outcomes among women with GDM. The present study focused on identifying variation in the likelihood of excessive fetal growth outcomes across levels of prenatal care.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infants born to mothers with GDM have an increased risk of developing a range of adverse birth outcomes; however, excessive fetal growth is the most common morbidity. 2,3 Documented outcomes associated with excessive fetal growth include shoulder dystocia, brachial plexus injuries, clavicle fractures, meconium aspiration, perinatal asphyxia, hypoglycemia, and fetal death. [4][5][6] Excessive fetal growth also increases the risk of maternal complications, 4,5 and it may be associated with longer-term outcomes such as type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome among offspring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 Evidence suggests that proper disease management can lead to improved perinatal outcomes. 2,[8][9][10][11] The potential for excessive fetal growth outcomes coupled with the complexity of medical management among women with GDM suggests that prenatal care may be associated with improved outcomes. The research reported here examines the degree to which excessive fetal growth outcomes vary across levels of prenatal care among women with GDM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variation in Excessive Fetal Growth across Levels of Prenatal Care among Women with Gestational Diabetes

Hale

Probst

Liu

et al. 2011

J Prim Care Community Health

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Objective: Examine the association between prenatal care and excessive fetal growth outcomes among mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 2004-2007 singleton live births to South Carolina women, limited to those for whom both birth certificate and hospital discharge data were available (N = 179 957). Gestational diabetes mellitus was identified from birth certificate and/or hospital discharge claims. Measures of excessive fetal growth were large for gestational age (90th and 95th percentiles) and macrosomia (birth weight > 4500 g). The Adequacy of Prenatal Care Utilization index was used to measure prenatal care. Results: Gestational diabetes mellitus was recorded for 6.9% of women in the study population. Women with GDM were more likely than other women to have an infant with excessive fetal growth, regardless of the level of prenatal care; however, there was a significant interaction between GDM status and levels of prenatal care. All women with GDM had increased odds for large infant outcomes. However, those receiving inadequate prenatal care were markedly more likely to experience excessive fetal growth outcomes (odds ratio = 1.38, confidence interval = 1.15-1.66) than women also with GDM and intermediate/adequate prenatal care. Similar patterns were noted for large for gestational age (95th) and macrosomia (total birth weight ≥ 4500 g). Conclusions: Observed associations suggest a link between inadequate prenatal care and a higher risk for excessive fetal growth among women with GDM. Further research is needed to clarify the nature of the association and suggest ways to get high-risk women into care sooner.

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Perspectives in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Screening,Diagnosis, and Treatment

Cited by 91 publications

References 51 publications

Maternal Leptin, Adiponectin, Resistin, Visfatin and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha in Normal and Gestational Diabetes

Maternal Leptin, Adiponectin, Resistin, Visfatin and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha in Normal and Gestational Diabetes

Gestational diabetes prevalence and risk factors among pregnant women — Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia

Variation in Excessive Fetal Growth across Levels of Prenatal Care among Women with Gestational Diabetes

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