Perspectives of key interest groups regarding Supervised Consumption Sites (SCS) and novel Mobile Overdose Response Services (MORS): A qualitative Canadian study. 

Abstract

Background Supervised consumption sites (SCS) are proven effective for preventing drug poisoning deaths during the opioid epidemic. Despite their successes, SCS still contend with structural and logistical barriers that limit their accessibility. Mobile Overdose Response Services (MORS) are novel technologies reminiscent of informal “spotting” methods that may address some of the limitations of SCS. Here, we strove to qualitatively examine the factors that may encourage or deter utilization of MORS compared to SCS. Methods A total of 52 participants across Canada were recruited using convenience, purposive, and snowball methods. A semi-structured interview was conducted by evaluators from a third-party research organization. Inductive thematic analysis informed by grounded theory was utilized to identify the major themes. Results Participants viewed MORS as an opportunity to consume substances without being hindered by fear of apprehension/criminalization, stigma, and invasion of privacy. They also noted that MORS provided more flexibility for clients who could not easily access the physical sites (e.g., due to location, weather concerns, time of day). There was some ambivalence as to whether MORS or physical sites provided more social connection and relationship building. Some viewed physical SCSs to be safer due to perceived shorter overdose response times. Conclusion In sum, participants viewed SCS and MORS as filling different needs and gaps. This study adds to a growing body of literature which informs how virtual services can serve as useful adjunct services to SCS.