Perspectives of principal mode transmission in mode-division-multiplex operation

Abstract

We investigate the concept of principal modes and its application for mode division multiplexing in multimode fibers. We start by generalizing the formalism of the principal modes as to include mode dependent loss and show that principal modes overcome modal dispersion induced by modal coupling in mode division multiplexing operation, even for multi-mode-fibers guiding a large number of modes, if the product of modulation bandwidth, fiber length and differential group delay is equal or less than one in each transmission channel. If this condition is not sustained, modal dispersion and crosstalk at the receiver limit the transmission performance, setting very high constraints towards modal coupling.

Particle-like wave packets in complex scattering systems

“…Recently, Carpenter et al [27] and Xiong et al [28] investigated the group delay operator, i/(2π)t −1 ∂ f t, in a multimode optical fiber. The eigenstates of this operator are known as the principal modes in fiber optics [25,26]. For a principal mode input, a pulse that is sufficiently narrow-band reaches the output temporally un-distorted, although it may have been strongly scattered and dispersed along the length of propagation.…”

“…As we shall see, particle-like scattering states give rise, in the time domain, to wave packets that remain focused in time and space throughout their trajectory within the medium. This crucial feature makes these states uniquely suited for many applications in a variety of fields, ranging from high intensity focused ultrasound [18,19] or underwater acoustics [20,21] to endoscopic microscopy [22][23][24], fibre optics [25][26][27][28][29] or telecommunications [30][31][32]. * alexandre.aubry@espci.fr…”

Adaptive SLM-based compensation of intermodal interference in few-mode optical fibers

“…which can be related to a frequency dependent loss over the transmission length for each PM 15 . However, as at the current stage of simulation we neglect MDL, we can consider propagation matrix U(ω) to be unitary 13 …”

“…A theory of MD, based on field-coupling model and PMs, was advanced in further works [14][15][16] . By definition, these modes being the eigenvectors of the fiber GD operator manifest no frequency dependence to the first order and remain orthogonal propagating through the fiber.…”

Particle-like wave packets in complex scattering systems

“…As we shall see, particle-like scattering states give rise, in the time domain, to wave packets that remain focused in time and space throughout their trajectory within the medium. This crucial feature makes these states uniquely suited for many applications in a variety of fields, ranging from high intensity focused ultrasound [18,19] or underwater acoustics [20,21] to endoscopic microscopy [22][23][24], fibre optics [25][26][27][28][29] or telecommunications [30][31][32]. * alexandre.aubry@espci.fr…”