Perspectives on Cell and Collagen Composites for Tendon Repair

Butler, David L.; Awad, Hani A.

doi:10.1097/00003086-199910001-00031

Cited by 101 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Acute and chronic tendon injuries are significant clinical problems due to poor innate healing ability and drawbacks associated with surgical repair (1,2). In 2006, musculoskeletal symptoms were the second most frequent reason for physician visits in the United States, resulting in over 130 million visits at a cost of nearly $850 billion (3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of mechanical and biochemical properties of developing embryonic tendon

Marturano

Arena

Schiller

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

167

277

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Tendons have uniquely high tensile strength, critical to their function to transfer force from muscle to bone. When injured, their innate healing response results in aberrant matrix organization and functional properties. Efforts to regenerate tendon are challenged by limited understanding of its normal development. Consequently, there are few known markers to assess tendon formation and parameters to design tissue engineering scaffolds. We profiled mechanical and biological properties of embryonic tendon and demonstrated functional properties of developing tendon are not wholly reflected by protein expression and tissue morphology. Using force volume-atomic force microscopy, we found that nano-and microscale tendon elastic moduli increase nonlinearly and become increasingly spatially heterogeneous during embryonic development. When we analyzed potential biochemical contributors to modulus, we found statistically significant but weak correlation between elastic modulus and collagen content, and no correlation with DNA or glycosaminoglycan content, indicating there are additional contributors to mechanical properties. To investigate collagen cross-linking as a potential contributor, we inhibited lysyl oxidasemediated collagen cross-linking, which significantly reduced tendon elastic modulus without affecting collagen morphology or DNA, glycosaminoglycan, and collagen content. This suggests that lysyl oxidase-mediated cross-linking plays a significant role in the development of embryonic tendon functional properties and demonstrates that changes in cross-links alter mechanical properties without affecting matrix content and organization. Taken together, these data demonstrate the importance of functional markers to assess tendon development and provide a profile of tenogenic mechanical properties that may be implemented in tissue engineering scaffold design to mechanoregulate new tendon regeneration.musculoskeletal | second harmonic generation T endon is a principal tissue involved in movement, functioning primarily to transfer loads from muscle to bone. Acute and chronic tendon injuries are significant clinical problems due to poor innate healing ability and drawbacks associated with surgical repair (1, 2). In 2006, musculoskeletal symptoms were the second most frequent reason for physician visits in the United States, resulting in over 130 million visits at a cost of nearly $850 billion (3). Almost half of these visits involved tendons and ligaments, with incidence expected to rise with an aging population. Thus, efforts have focused on engineering new tissues for replacement, although this has been challenged by a paucity of markers with which to assess functional tendon development and few known cues to direct differentiation and new tissue formation.Characterization of tendon formation in embryonic or engineered tissue has typically relied on molecular markers, as well as matrix composition and organization (4-9). Although useful for assessing cell differentiation and ECM deposition during tissue formation, t...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of mechanical and biochemical properties of developing embryonic tendon

Marturano

Arena

Schiller

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

167

277

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Previous attempts to create biologically based tendons in vitro met limited success due to the difficulty in creating a construct that is both mechanically and biologically compatible with the in vivo environment (7,11,14,21,41). Mechanical incompatibility from the reliance on artificial scaffolds not only limits functional restoration but can also influence biological adaptation as cells are sensitive to their mechanical environment and can alter their phenotype accordingly (12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Implantation increases tensile strength and collagen content of self-assembled tendon constructs

Calve¹,

Lytle

Grosh

et al. 2010

Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…[20] The results indicated that delivering mesenchymal stem cell-contracted, organized collagen implants to large tendon defects could significantly improve the biomechanics, structure, and probably the function of the tendon after injury. [21] Mesenchymal stem cells, which have the potential to differentiate in (tendon) fibroblasts, hold the promise to be used for allogous cells' transplantation.…”

Section: Scaffoldmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Indeed, none of the actual solutions followed all the requirements noted earlier for tissue engineering of tendons. Especially, problems like fixations of tendons, incorporation of biomechanical properties, choice of scaffold with adequate degradation properties, or packaging of the engineered tendon [20] still need to be solved. Nature used millions of evolution years to optimize the functionality of the tendons.…”

Section: Future Development For Tissue Engineering Of Tendonsmentioning

confidence: 99%