Perspectives on eye development

Fini, M. Elizabeth; Strissel, Katherine J.; West‐Mays, Judith A.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6408(1997)20:3<175::aid-dvg1>3.0.co;2-4

Cited by 36 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 85 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…4 D-F). The ocular defects observed indicate that severe disruptions have occurred in the normal tissue͞tissue interactions responsible for eye formation (21,22), which is consistent with the expression of AP-2 in several ocular tissues during normal embryogenesis (ref. 2; J.W.-M. and T. W., unpublished observations).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Further studies will be required to pinpoint the particular cell types that require AP-2 for normal eye formation; nevertheless, our findings conclusively demonstrate a new role for AP-2 as a component of the gene network controlling ocular development. The micropthalmia and anopthalmia observed in the KO and chimeric animals are reminiscent of those caused by mutations in the BMP-7, Pax-6, and Otx2 genes (21,23). Similarly, manipulations of RAR and msx gene expression also can lead to comparable defects in eye development (16,24).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

See 1 more Smart Citation

AP-2-null cells disrupt morphogenesis of the eye, face, and limbs in chimeric mice

Nottoli

Hagopian-Donaldson

Zhang

et al. 1998

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

174

138

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The homozygous disruption of the mouse AP-2 gene yields a complex and lethal phenotype that results from defective development of the neural tube, head, and body wall. The severe and pleiotropic developmental abnormalities observed in the knockout mouse suggested that AP-2 may regulate several morphogenic pathways. To uncouple the individual developmental mechanisms that are dependent on AP-2, we have now analyzed chimeric mice composed of both wild-type and AP-2-null cells. The phenotypes obtained from these chimeras indicate that there is an independent requirement for AP-2 in the formation of the neural tube, body wall, and craniofacial skeleton. In addition, these studies reveal that AP-2 exerts a major inf luence on eye formation, which is a critical new role for AP-2 that was masked previously in the knockout mice. Furthermore, we also have uncovered an unexpected inf luence of AP-2 on limb pattern formation; this inf luence is typified by major limb duplications. The range of phenotypes observed in the chimeras displays a significant overlap with those caused by teratogenic levels of retinoic acid, strongly suggesting that AP-2 is an important component of the mechanism of action of this morphogen.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

AP-2-null cells disrupt morphogenesis of the eye, face, and limbs in chimeric mice

Nottoli

Hagopian-Donaldson

Zhang

et al. 1998

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

174

138

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In fact, it is probable that transcription continues for the entire lifespan of the fish, because it has been shown that in vertebrates new lens fibre cells are produced throughout the life of the organism (Fini et al, 1997;Mathias et al, 1997). The expression of mouse Cx50 and chicken Cx45.6 during embryonic development has been inves-tigated previously and our results are in general agreement with the results from these studies.…”

Section: Expression Of Cx441supporting

confidence: 91%

“…A number of genetic strategies have been developed in the zebrafish making it possible to conduct saturation mutagenesis screens, and this, coupled with attributes such as transparency of the embryo and external fertilization, make the search for mutant phenotypes relatively straightforward (Mullins and Nusslein-Volhard, 1993;Mullins et al, 1994;Driever et al, 1996;Haffter et al, 1996;Solnica-Krezel, 1999). The rapid, early eye development of the zebrafish, coupled with its large size relative to the rest of the embryo, make the ocular lens an attractive structure with which to study the genetic control of embryonic morphogenesis (Schmitt and Dowling, 1994, 1996, 1999Brockerhoff et al, 1995;Raymond et al, 1995;Fadool et al, 1997;Sullivan et al, 1997;Fini et al, 1997;Brockerhoff et al, 1998;Neuhauss et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular cloning, expression analysis, and functional characterization of connexin44.1: A zebrafish lens gap junction protein

Cason

White

Cheng

et al. 2001

Developmental Dynamics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The connexin family of genes codes for proteins that oligomerize into a connexon of six subunits to form one half of the gap junction channel. Gap junctions are plasma membrane structures that mediate intercellular communication by joining the cytoplasm of two cells, allowing the passage of small molecules and metabolites, and contributing significantly to the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. The signaling mediated by these junctions appears to be necessary for the correct timing of key developmental events. This communication is especially important in the avascular lens where the intercellular passage of metabolites, second messengers, and ions is necessary to maintain the correct ionic balance in the lens fibre cells, and prevent cataract formation. To characterize the role that the connexin genes play in development, a novel connexin was cloned from zebrafish. A genomic clone was isolated that contained a 1,173 base open reading frame. The nucleotide sequence in this open reading frame shows extensive sequence similarity to mouse connexin50 (Cx50), chicken Cx45.6, sheep Cx49, and human Cx50. The protein encoded by this open reading frame contains 391 amino acids, with a predicted molecular weight of 44.1 kDa and a typical connexin transmembrane topology. By using the LN54 radiation hybrid panel, the Cx44.1 gene was mapped to linkage group 1. Whole-mount in situ hybridization and Northern blot analyses were performed on zebrafish embryos at various developmental stages to characterize the developmental expression of the Cx44.1 message. The ocular lens was the only tissue in which Cx44.1 transcripts were detected. The transcripts were first detected in the lens around 24 hr post fertilization and remained detectable until 120 hr post fertilization. Electrophysiological analysis of Cx44.1 channels revealed gating properties that were virtually identical to the mouse and chicken orthologues of Cx44.1.

show abstract

“…Its development is directed by means of inductive interactions from specific tissues derived from all embryonic germ layers. Although several genes involved in eye development have been characterized to date, there are still many gaps in our understanding of the molecular pathways involved in this process (reviewed in Fini et al, 1997;Perron et al, 1998;Chow and Lang, 2001;Hanson, 2001;Graw and Loster, 2003;Zuber et al, 2003;Lovicu and McAvoy, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and characterization of a novel gene, xMADML, involved in Xenopus laevis eye development

Elkins

Henry

2006

Developmental Dynamics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We have identified Xenopus MADM-like (xMADML), a Xenopus laevis gene related to the murine MADM and the human NRBP genes. xMADML is expressed throughout early development and is expressed most strongly in the developing lens and more weakly in the retina and other anterior tissues. We demonstrate that disruption of xMADML translation by means of morpholino injection results in impaired retina and lens development. Reciprocal transplantation of the presumptive lens ectoderm between morpholinoinjected embryos and those injected solely with a dextran lineage tracer demonstrates that xMADML is necessary in both the lens and the retina for correct development of these eye tissues. Analysis of gene expression after knockdown of xMADML revealed significant alterations in the expression of some genes, including Pax6, xSix3, Sox2, and Sox3, suggesting that xMADML plays a role in regulating gene expression during development of the eye. This investigation is the first in vivo study examining the developmental role of this novel gene and reveals an important role of xMADML in eye tissue development and differentiation.

show abstract

Perspectives on eye development

Cited by 36 publications

References 85 publications

AP-2-null cells disrupt morphogenesis of the eye, face, and limbs in chimeric mice

AP-2-null cells disrupt morphogenesis of the eye, face, and limbs in chimeric mice

Molecular cloning, expression analysis, and functional characterization of connexin44.1: A zebrafish lens gap junction protein

Isolation and characterization of a novel gene, xMADML, involved in Xenopus laevis eye development

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About