Perspectives on Human Trafficking and Modern Forms of Slavery

Kara, Siddharth

doi:10.17645/si.v3i1.226

Cited by 4 publications

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“…However, a single focus on prosecution creates an oversimplification of trafficking, restrictive immigration policies, and justification for strict border control measures [ 10 , 51 ]. While human trafficking is a global and lucrative business [ 33 , 42 ], involving high profit with low risk [ 13 , 15 ], the amount of money is dependent upon the type of exploitation [ 2 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, studies on international migration provide much of the empirical support for our conceptual model, and some of the system-level factors and pathways for internal labor migration and exploitation might vary. Urgent investigation is also needed to understand how the pandemic has affected complex supply chains [ 91 ] in relation to labor exploitation [ 33 , 97 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modern slavery and labor exploitation during the COVID-19 pandemic: a conceptual model

Washburn

Diener

Curtis

et al. 2022

Global Health Action

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Background Modern slavery is a complex global health problem that includes forced labor exploitation. An ecological systems perspective is needed to understand how contextual upstream and midstream factors contribute to labor exploitation, and how disruptive societal challenges, such as infectious disease pandemics, may exacerbate established pathways leading to exploitation. Accumulation of familial and societal risk factors likely heightens vulnerability; for instance, economic precarity for an individual interacts with poor livelihood options and lack of social welfare supports increasing their likelihood of accepting exploitative labor. However, few frameworks exist that account for the accumulation of and interdependence between risk factors at different levels and across contexts. Objective Using an ecological systems framework, we review literature on the pathways leading to labor exploitation, with the aim of developing a conceptual model grounded in existing research. Next, we discuss how pathways in this conceptual model are likely exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This conceptual model can guide future research to detect modifiable factors and strategic points of intervention. Methods A critical review of research articles and gray literature was performed with a primary focus on sub-Saharan Africa. The review utilized various scholarly databases to identify perspectives from multiple disciplines and to more fully account for complex processes linked to labor exploitation. Results A conceptual model of these pathways was developed that emphasizes established determinants and risk factors for labor exploitation in sub-Saharan Africa. The model highlights how the COVID-19 pandemic may have exacerbated these pathways. Conclusions Future studies should carefully examine the direct and indirect pathways, accumulation of and interactions between factors, and specific external and personal stressors. Interdisciplinary research on multilevel interventions is needed to guide solutions to prevent the persistent problem of labor exploitation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern slavery and labor exploitation during the COVID-19 pandemic: a conceptual model

Washburn

Diener

Curtis

et al. 2022

Global Health Action

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Each step involves a level of coercion, deception, and/or manipulation of the trafficked person, without which the trafficking “process” would cease. Kara (2017) observes thatslavery is a global business that thrives on the callous exploitation of the labor activity of a vast and highly vulnerable subclass of people whose brutalization is tacitly accepted by every participant in the global economy, from corporations to consumers. (p. 1)…”

Section: The Structural Conditions Of Human Traffickingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Business and Human Trafficking: A Social Connection and Political Responsibility Model

2019

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Human trafficking is one of the most lucrative international criminal activities and is widespread across a variety of industries. The response to human trafficking in corporate supply chains has been dominated by analyses of due diligence obligations. Existing scholarship, however, has cast doubt on the effectiveness of corporate due diligence in addressing human trafficking, because human trafficking is the outcome of macro-level social structures that are created by and consist of multiple actors, including business. The outsourcing and sub-contracting model provides incentives throughout the global supply chain to sub-contract further to reduce the cost of labor, which has led to human trafficking remaining a pervasive problem. Business responsibility for human trafficking derives from the fact that business decisions and strategies enable the conditions that allow for human trafficking to occur within their supply chains. To address human trafficking, we propose a social connection and political responsibility model, based on Iris Marion Young’s analysis of social connection and structural injustice, that is holistic, forward-looking, and outcomes-oriented. We differentiate between businesses with a strong connection to human trafficking and businesses with a weak connection, and within this distinction delineate different pathways that firms can take to meet their political responsibilities to address human trafficking. We conclude with implications for future research.

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“…These, too, are American workers and American jobs. Just as with the founding fathers' calls for economic nationalism, that imagined economic nation still relies on violent categorical exclusions from cultural and national citizenship, human trafficking (Kara, 2017), and the concealment of the global in the homespun.…”

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confidence: 99%

World Anthropological Perspectives on Economic Nationalisms*

et al. 2022

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As rising numbers of national governments promote economic nationalist policies and the withdrawal from (or renegotiation of) global political and economic relationships, the impossibility of disconnecting from global circulations is illustrated by the traveling discourse of economic nationalism itself, although conceptualized and implemented quite differently as refracted through specific historical and political contexts. Drawing on the possibilities of world anthropologies, the authors build connected analyses of the lived effects and contradictions of economic nationalist policies through their ethnographic examples from Brazil, India, Uganda, and the US. In comparatively analyzing these contexts, the authors emphasize the plural, transhistorical, transnational, gendered, and contested nature of economic nationalist policies and discourses worldwide, pointing to the need for further empirical investigations into diverse understandings and political deployments of economic nationalist projects.

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Perspectives on Human Trafficking and Modern Forms of Slavery

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Modern slavery and labor exploitation during the COVID-19 pandemic: a conceptual model

Modern slavery and labor exploitation during the COVID-19 pandemic: a conceptual model

Business and Human Trafficking: A Social Connection and Political Responsibility Model

World Anthropological Perspectives on Economic Nationalisms*

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