Perspectives on lead toxicity

Lockitch, Gillian

doi:10.1016/0009-9120(93)90113-k

Cited by 214 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Pb toxicity can cause hematological, gastrointestinal, and neurological diseases, and nephropathy, abortion, stillbirth, and neonatal death (Lockitch, 1993). Consequently our result indicates that children who play in the soil around Kabwe, and mine-workers who scavenge for scrap metal, could potentially suffer Pb poisoning and adverse health effects.…”

Section: Pb Pollution In Soil and Wild Rat Samplesmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…It has been reported that children are more susceptible to Pb toxicity because intestinal absorption is five times greater in children than in adults (Lockitch, 1993). Pb toxicity can cause hematological, gastrointestinal, and neurological diseases, and nephropathy, abortion, stillbirth, and neonatal death (Lockitch, 1993).…”

Section: Pb Pollution In Soil and Wild Rat Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, unless countermeasures are taken, metal pollution is long lasting because the metals do not biodegrade (Li et al, 2004). Exposure to toxic elements such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) can cause serious health problems in humans and animals (Chowdhury et al, 2000;Järup, 2003;Lockitch, 1993). Therefore, it is important to assess the level of environmental metal contamination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metal and metalloid contamination in roadside soil and wild rats around a Pb–Zn mine in Kabwe, Zambia

Nakayama

Ikenaka

Hamada

et al. 2011

Environmental Pollution

100

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Metal (Cr, Co, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni) and metalloid (As) accumulation was studied in roadside soil and wild rat (Rattus sp.) samples from near a Pb-Zn mine (Kabwe, Zambia) and the capital city of Zambia (Lusaka). The concentrations of the seven metals and As in the soil samples and Pb in the rat tissue samples were quantified using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, and As in Kabwe soil were much higher than benchmark values. Geographic Information System analysis indicated the source of metal pollution was mining and smelting activity. Interestingly, the area south of the mine was more highly contaminated even though the prevailing wind flow was westward. Wild rats from Kabwe had much higher tissue concentrations of Pb than those from Lusaka. Their body weight and renal Pb levels were negatively correlated, which suggests that mining activity might affect terrestrial animals in Kabwe. Capsule:The area around Kabwe, Zambia is highly polluted with metals and As. Wild rats from this area had high tissue concentrations of Pb and decreased body weight.

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Section: Pb Pollution In Soil and Wild Rat Samplesmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Pb Pollution In Soil and Wild Rat Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metal and metalloid contamination in roadside soil and wild rats around a Pb–Zn mine in Kabwe, Zambia

Nakayama

Ikenaka

Hamada

et al. 2011

Environmental Pollution

100

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“…Following acute lead exposure, gastrointestinal disorders such as abdominal cramps, diarrhoea with black stools, vomiting and anorexia are most commonly observed in adults at Pb blood concentrations of 100 -200 µg/dL although effects have been observed at concentrations as low as 40 -60 μg/dL (Lockitch, 1993;Shah et al, 2016).…”

Section: Gastrointestinal Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead Exposure and Environmental Health

Patočka¹,

Kuča²

2016

MMSL

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SummaryLead (Pb), which is widely used in industry, is a common element found in low concentrations in the Earth's crust. Lead has been used since prehistoric times. As a highly toxic heavy metal, the pollution and exposure risks of lead are of widespread concern for human health. This environmental contaminant causing irreversible health effects mainly in children. Especially children under the age of six are most at risk for lead poisoning. Lead toxicity causes hematological, gastrointestinal, and neurological dysfunction. Symptoms are usually noted with blood lead greater than 2 μmol/litre. Severe or prolonged exposure may also cause chronic nephropathy, hypertension, and reproductive impairment. Lead inhibits some enzymes, alters cellular calcium metabolism, stimulates synthesis of binding proteins in kidney, brain, and bone, and slows down nerve conduction. The emission sources and pathological effects of lead are discussed.

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“…The central nervous system is affected by low doses [6,7]. It is most vulnerable during development because of high rate of mitotic activity, cellular differentiation and synaptogenesis [8,9]. Pb has the ability to substitute Ca 2+ , it can, therefore, concentrate in the brain [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Dose Exposure to Lead during Pregnancy Affects Spatial Learning, Memory and Neurogenesis in Hippocampus of Young Rats

Al-Shimali¹,

Al-Musaileem²,

Rao³

et al. 2016

J Neurol Neurosci

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Lead is toxic to all organ systems. Central nervous system has received much attention because of the impact of lead exposure on cognitive and behavioral development in children. We investigated the effects of in utero lowdose exposure to lead on neurogenesis in hippocampus and spatial learning and memory in young rats. Wistar rats, after establishing pregnancy, were given drinking water with 0.1% lead acetate until parturition. Control animals received deionized water. The hippocampus of lead-exposed rats showed significantly higher level of lead when compared to age matched controls on postnatal day 0, 21, 30, 40 and 50. Spatial learning and memory determined with Morris water maze test revealed significant memory deficit in lead exposed rats when tested on postnatal day 21 and deficit in relearning ability on postnatal day 37. It also revealed significant memory deficit in lead exposed rats when tested on postnatal day 30, but good relearning ability on postnatal day 47. Doublecortin immunostaining showed significantly decreased number of new neurons in the lead-exposed rats in comparison to control rats. Our data show that low-dose exposure to lead during pregnancy decreased neurogenesis in the hippocampus of young rats that resulted in impairment of spatial learning and memory.

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Perspectives on lead toxicity

Cited by 214 publications

References 103 publications

Metal and metalloid contamination in roadside soil and wild rats around a Pb–Zn mine in Kabwe, Zambia

Metal and metalloid contamination in roadside soil and wild rats around a Pb–Zn mine in Kabwe, Zambia

Lead Exposure and Environmental Health

Low-Dose Exposure to Lead during Pregnancy Affects Spatial Learning, Memory and Neurogenesis in Hippocampus of Young Rats

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