Perspectives on Salmon Aquaculture: Current Status, Challenges and Genetic Improvement for Future Growth

Abstract

With an estimated global value of US$15.6 billion, farmed salmonids represent a precious food resource, which is also the fastest increasing food producing industry with annual growth of 7% in production. A total average of 3,594,000 metric tonnes was produced in 2020, behind Chinese and Indian carps, tilapias and catfishes. Lead producers of farmed salmonids are Norway, Chile, Faroe, Canada and Scotland, stimulated by increasing global demand and market. However, over the last 2 years, production has been declining, occasioned by effects of diseases as well as rising feed costs. Over the last year, production has declined sharply due to effects of covid-19. This chapter reviews the species in culture, systems of culture, environmental footprints of salmon culture, and market trends in salmon culture. Burden of diseases, especially Infectious pancreatic Necrosis, Infectious salmon anemia and furunculosis, as well as high cost of feed formulation, key challenges curtailing growth of the salmon production industry, are discussed. A review is made of the international salmon genome sequencing effort, selective breeding for disease resistance, and the use of genomics to mitigate challenges of diseases that stifle higher production of salmonids globally.

Introduction of non‐native fish for aquaculture in China: A systematic review

“…Salmonids are one of the most popular farmed fish in the world. 85 They benefit from their large and flexible niche, strong interference competitiveness, aggressive territoriality, powerful dispersal capacity and incredible phenotypic plasticity. 56 Salmonids can quickly adapt to new habitats, and the repeated release of new individuals into the wild further facilitates their expansion on a global scale.…”

“…Let us start with the story of non‐native fish introduced to China for aquaculture with the first non‐native species brown trout S. trutta (Figure 7). Salmonids are one of the most popular farmed fish in the world 85 . They benefit from their large and flexible niche, strong interference competitiveness, aggressive territoriality, powerful dispersal capacity and incredible phenotypic plasticity 56 .…”

Phosphatidylcholine in Krill Meal and Krill Oil as a Source of Choline for Prevention of Intestinal Steatosis in Atlantic Salmon

“…Salmon has become one of the most important aquaculture commodities with an annual global growth rate of 7% and Atlantic salmon being the most widely traded global fsh product [1]. Tis growth was driven by easy culture of salmon and its nutritional benefts.…”

Seaweed and Seaweed-Based Functional Metabolites as Potential Modulators of Growth, Immune and Antioxidant Responses, and Gut Microbiota in Fish

“…With the demand for nutritious seafood increasing due to population growth and declining wild fish stocks, aquaculture has helped bridge the gap between supply and demand [1]. However, continually increasing aquafeed costs and disease outbreaks have become common challenges impacting the profitability and sustainability of this sector [2,3]. As such, aquaculture researchers globally are looking for more affordable and health-promoting feed ingredients that can sustain fish growth as well as prevent disease in aquaculture production.…”