Perspectives on therapeutic neutralizing antibodies against the Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2

Zhou, Guangyu; Zhao, Qi

doi:10.7150/ijbs.45123

Cited by 257 publications

(274 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Our previous studies revealed that the RBD site contains multiple groups of conformation-dependent neutralizing epitopes: some epitopes are critically involved in RBD binding to the cell receptor ACE2, whereas other epitopes possess neutralizing function but do not interfere with the RBD-ACE2 interaction ( 15, 18 ). Indeed, most of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) previously developed against SARS-CoV target the RBD epitopes, while a few are directed against the S2 subunit or the S1/S2 cleavage site ( 29, 30 ). The cross-reactivity of such mAbs with SARS-CoV-2 has been characterized, and it was found that many SARS-CoV-neutralizing mAbs exhibit no cross-neutralizing capacity ( 9, 31 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-reactive neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by serum antibodies from recovered SARS patients and immunized animals

Zhu

Han

et al. 2020

Preprint

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16The current COVID-19 pandemic, caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, poses serious 17 threats to public health and social stability, calling for urgent need for vaccines and 18 therapeutics. SARS-CoV-2 is genetically close to SARS-CoV, thus it is important to define 19 the between antigenic cross-reactivity and neutralization. In this study, we firstly analyzed 20 20 convalescent serum samples collected from SARS-CoV infected individuals during the 2003 21 SARS outbreak. All patient sera reacted strongly with the S1 subunit and receptor-binding 22 domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV, cross-reacted with the S ectodomain, S1, RBD, and S2 23 proteins of SARS-CoV-2, and neutralized both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 S 24 protein-driven infections. Multiple panels of antisera from mice and rabbits immunized with a 25 full-length S and RBD immunogens of SARS-CoV were also characterized, verifying the 26 cross-reactive neutralization against SARS-CoV-2. Interestingly, we found that a palm civet 27 SARS-CoV-derived RBD elicited more potent cross-neutralizing responses in immunized 28 animals than the RBD from a human SARS-CoV strain, informing a strategy to develop a 29 universe vaccine against emerging CoVs. 30 31 Summary 32 Serum antibodies from SARS-CoV infected patients and immunized animals cross-neutralize 33 SARS-CoV-2 suggests strategies for universe vaccines against emerging CoVs. acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is a new coronavirus (CoV) 37 genetically close to SARS-CoV emerged in 2002 (1-3). As of 20 April 2020, a total of 38 2,246,291 confirmed COVID-19 cases, including 152,707 deaths, have been reported from 39 213 countries or regions, and the numbers are growing rapidly (https://www.who.int). The 40 pandemic threatens to become one of the most difficult times faced by humans in modern 41 history. Unfortunately, even though 17 years passed, we have not developed effective 42 prophylactics and therapeutics in preparedness for the re-emergence of SARS or SARS-like 43 CoVs. A vaccine is urgently needed to prevent the human-to-human transmission of 44 SARS-CoV-2. 45Like SARS-CoV and many other CoVs, SARS-CoV-2 utilizes its surface spike (S) 46 glycoprotein to gain entry into host cells (4-6). Typically, the S protein forms a homotrimer 47 with each protomer consisting of S1 and S2 subunits. The N-terminal S1 subunit is 48 responsible for virus binding to the cellular receptor ACE2 through an internal 49 receptor-binding domain (RBD) that is capable of functional folding independently, whereas 50 the membrane-proximal S2 subunit mediates membrane fusion events. Very recently, the 51 prefusion structure of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein was determined by cryo-EM, which 52 revealed an overall similarity to that of SARS-CoV (4, 7); the crystal structure of the 53 SARS-CoV-2 RBD in complex with ACE2 was also determined by several independent 54 groups, and the residues or motifs critical for the higher-affinity RBD-ACE2 interaction were 55 identified (8-10).The S protein of CoVs is also a main target of ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-reactive neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by serum antibodies from recovered SARS patients and immunized animals

Zhu

Han

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…The persistence of memory cells is an important element to consider in the development of the anti-SARS-coV-2 vaccine (60). cases have been described where the SARS-coV-2 infection recurs after being considered cured (61).…”

Section: The Development Of a Covid-19 Vaccine: Current Trends And Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards effective COVID‑19 vaccines: Updates, perspectives and challenges (Review)

et al. 2020

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In the current context of the pandemic triggered by SARS-cOV-2, the immunization of the population through vaccination is recognized as a public health priority. In the case of SARS-cOV-2, the genetic sequencing was done quickly, in one month. Since then, worldwide research has focused on obtaining a vaccine. This has a major economic impact because new technological platforms and advanced genetic engineering procedures are required to obtain a cOVId-19 vaccine. The most difficult scientific challenge for this future vaccine obtained in the laboratory is the proof of clinical safety and efficacy. The biggest challenge of manufacturing is the construction and validation of production platforms capable of making the vaccine on a large scale.

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“…In this special issue, we have 11 reports, which share our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 from different angles. Zheng indicated that SARS-CoV-2 is an emerging new coronavirus that causes a global threat, and summarized the key events occurred during the early outbreak, the basic characteristics of the pathogen, the signs and symptoms of the infected patients, the possible transmission pathways of the virus, the Zhou and Zhao pointed out the great importance of using therapeutic neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) to control the spread and re-emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and assert that the development of NAbs therefore should be a high priority in near future [5]. Yang and Shen discussed the implication of the endocytic pathway and autophagy in viral infection and how novel therapeutic approaches could be developed by targeting these processes for treatment of COVID-19 [6].…”

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confidence: 99%

The global battle against SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19

Deng¹

2020

Int. J. Biol. Sci.

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Perspectives on therapeutic neutralizing antibodies against the Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2

Cited by 257 publications

References 58 publications

Cross-reactive neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by serum antibodies from recovered SARS patients and immunized animals

Cross-reactive neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by serum antibodies from recovered SARS patients and immunized animals

Towards effective COVID‑19 vaccines: Updates, perspectives and challenges (Review)

The global battle against SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19

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