E-learning has evolved to incorporate innovative technologies, from virtual reality (VR) to augmented reality (AR). VR immerses learners in immersive virtual worlds, ideal for simulations and hands-on training. In contrast, AR superimposes digital elements onto the real world via devices such as smartphones and AR glasses, offering contextual information and interactive simulations. These technologies improve engagement by capturing attention, enabling hands-on experiences and deeper understanding, while personalizing learning. VR's 3D environments and AR's overlays enhance memorization. The integration of these approaches depends on pedagogical objectives and available resources, while their combination can create even richer and more varied learning experiences.