Perturbation of the Hematopoietic Profile by Anabolic Androgenic Steroids

Abstract

Objective.The aim of this study was to investigate the hematopoietic profile in AAS abusers, during or short after their last abuse and approximately six months later. Moreover, we studied if supraphysiological doses of testosterone influence the concentration of hemoglobin and erythropoietin in healthy volunteers.Design and Methods. Subjects (N=31) were recruited through an antidoping hotline. The hematological profile was measured when the subjects entered the study and approximately 6 months later. Testosterone enanthate (500 mg) was administered to healthy volunteers (N=24). Gene expression was studied in human hek293 cells exposed to 1 μM testosterone.Results.Decreased levels of hemoglobin, erythrocyte volume fraction, and erythrocyte counts were observed after 6 months without the use of AAS. Results in volunteers show that hemoglobin increased 3% four and 15 days after testosterone administration, whereas EPO was significantly increased by 38% four days after dose. Agreeingly,in vitrostudy shows that testosterone induces the mRNA level of EPO with 65% after 24-hour exposure.Conclusion. These results indicate that supraphysiological doses of testosterone may cause a perturbation in the hematopoietic profile. This is of interest in relation to the adverse cardiovascular effects observed in AAS abusers.

Studies of athlete biological passport biomarkers and clinical parameters in male and female users of anabolic androgenic steroids and other doping agents

“…As expected, the hematocrit and hemoglobin values were higher in the male participants with a current AAS use compared with those using AAS more than 2 months ago. This is in agreement with previous studies in which the hematocrit (and other hematological parameters) was found to decrease after 6 months of AAS cessation . An elevated hematocrit (˃ 50%) may be a risk factor for thrombotic events in AAS users .…”

“…This is in agreement with previous studies in which the hematocrit (and other hematological parameters) was found to decrease after 6 months of AAS cessation. 47 An elevated hematocrit ( 50%) may be a risk factor for thrombotic events in AAS users. 48 Notably, none of the AAS using women reached such a high hematocrit value, and the hemoglobin values were within the normal range.…”

Sensitivity of doping biomarkers after administration of a single dose testosterone gel

“…Today, these modules are independently used. We have previously shown that markers used in the hematological module can be affected by T doping . Other useful indirect markers may include genetic biomarkers such as circulatory microRNA (miRNA) .…”

“…We have previously shown that markers used in the hematological module can be affected by T doping. 16 Other useful indirect markers may include genetic biomarkers such as circulatory microRNA (miRNA). 17 A recent study investigated different miRNAs as possible biomarkers for detecting T doping and showed that miR-122 increased after transdermal T administration from commercially available patches.…”

Ação do estanozolol sobre a histologia renal e hepática em ratos treinados com natação

“…Injeções suprafisiológicas EAA tendem a provocar alterações no perfil das lipoproteínas somente após sete semanas de administração (Cunha et al, 2005). Sabe-se geralmente que o abuso de EAA leva a elevados níveis de hematócrito e hemoglobina, como já foi demonstrado em fisiculturistas, de acordo com Mullen et al (2014) Nos animais do GC, foram observados glomérulos com morfologia normal, alguns túbulos contorcidos com células vacuolizadas e material eosinofílico depositado no lúmen dos túbulos coletores (Fig. 3A-B).…”