Perturbations in Gut Microbiota Composition in Psychiatric Disorders

Nikolova, Viktoriya L; Hall, Megan; Hall, Lindsay J.; Cleare, Anthony J.; Stone, James; Young, Allan H.

doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.2573

Cited by 421 publications

(316 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…In keeping with an interconnected systems based psychiatry paradigm that conceptualizes the individual as a complex composite of interacting systems across all levels of organization, it has been proposed that the microbial ecosystem (microbiome) may serve as an additional transdiagnostic unit of analysis in the RDoC framework (355,356). At the interface between the individual and the environment, the microbiome is intrinsically linked to human health and may play a contributory physiological role in some psychiatric disorders (357)(358)(359).…”

Section: Psilocybiome-an Additional Unit Of Analysis?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychedelic Therapy's Transdiagnostic Effects: A Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Perspective

et al. 2021

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Accumulating clinical evidence shows that psychedelic therapy, by synergistically combining psychopharmacology and psychological support, offers a promising transdiagnostic treatment strategy for a range of disorders with restricted and/or maladaptive habitual patterns of emotion, cognition and behavior, notably, depression (MDD), treatment resistant depression (TRD) and addiction disorders, but perhaps also anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and eating disorders. Despite the emergent transdiagnostic evidence, the specific clinical dimensions that psychedelics are efficacious for, and associated underlying neurobiological pathways, remain to be well-characterized. To this end, this review focuses on pre-clinical and clinical evidence of the acute and sustained therapeutic potential of psychedelic therapy in the context of a transdiagnostic dimensional systems framework. Focusing on the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) as a template, we will describe the multimodal mechanisms underlying the transdiagnostic therapeutic effects of psychedelic therapy, traversing molecular, cellular and network levels. These levels will be mapped to the RDoC constructs of negative and positive valence systems, arousal regulation, social processing, cognitive and sensorimotor systems. In summarizing this literature and framing it transdiagnostically, we hope we can assist the field in moving toward a mechanistic understanding of how psychedelics work for patients and eventually toward a precise-personalized psychedelic therapy paradigm.

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Section: Psilocybiome-an Additional Unit Of Analysis?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychedelic Therapy's Transdiagnostic Effects: A Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Perspective

et al. 2021

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“…Recent years saw a growing interest in the potential role of the gut microbiota in mental health, notably in schizophrenia. Nikolova et al [ 7 ] suggested a transdiagnostic commonality of microbial disturbances in certain psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia. It would be characterized by a depletion of anti-inflammatory butyrate-producing bacteria and an enrichment of proinflammatory bacteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is There a Link between Oropharyngeal Microbiome and Schizophrenia? A Narrative Review

Martin

Foulon

El‐Hage

et al. 2022

IJMS

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The study aimed to examine the impact of the oropharyngeal microbiome in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and to clarify whether there might be a bidirectional link between the oral microbiota and the brain in a context of dysbiosis-related neuroinflammation. We selected nine articles including three systemic reviews with several articles from the same research team. Different themes emerged, which we grouped into 5 distinct parts concerning the oropharyngeal phageome, the oropharyngeal microbiome, the salivary microbiome and periodontal disease potentially associated with schizophrenia, and the impact of drugs on the microbiome and schizophrenia. We pointed out the presence of phageoma in patients suffering from schizophrenia and that periodontal disease reinforces the role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Moreover, saliva could be an interesting substrate to characterize the different stages of schizophrenia. However, the few studies we have on the subject are limited in scope, and some of them are the work of a single team. At this stage of knowledge, it is difficult to conclude on the existence of a bidirectional link between the brain and the oral microbiome. Future studies on the subject will clarify these questions that for the moment remain unresolved.

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“…On the contrary, the enterotype B1, and those dominated by Prevotella and Ruminococcus, show a lower incidence in depressed people than in healthy subjects [65]. A very recent meta-analysis has confirmed this perspective [1].…”

Section: Enterotype B2 and Its Possible Correlation With The Anxiety-depressive Syndromementioning

confidence: 96%

“…However, it is undeniable that, despite these differences in methods, some "facts" could still be considered as, if not consolidated, at least as in the process of being consolidated. For example, a recent meta-analysis has confirmed the strong correlation between a certain structure of the colon fecal microbiota and the possible diagnosis of depression [1]. Elements, such as lower biodiversity, lower representation of the phylum Firmicutes, and the lower presence of butyrate-producer taxa, such as Faecalibacterium and Coprococcus, in fact, seem to unite the microbiota of these subjects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A Possible Perspective about the Compositional Models, Evolution, and Clinical Meaning of Human Enterotypes

Pierro

2021

Microorganisms

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Among the various parameters obtainable through the analysis of the human gut microbiota, the enterotype is one of the first classifications of the bacterial consortia, which tried to obtain, at the same time, as much information as possible to be applied in clinical medicine. Although some authors observed the existence not of clusters, but only of a real continuous gradient, enterotypes are commonly described according to various models. The first model predicted either clustering into enterotypes 1 and 2 based on two specific dominances, Bacteroides and Prevotella, respectively, with the Ruminococcus dominance blurred within the Bacteroides dominance, or it predicted a threedominant condition, in which the Ruminococcus driver constituted enterotype 3, separated from enterotype 1. A second model envisaged three possible ways to cluster gut microbiota, respectively centred on two, three, and four dominances. In the first case, enterotypes 1 and 2 coincided with the two original enterotypes, with the dominance of Bacteroides and Prevotella, respectively. In the second case, the existence of enterotype 3 was evident and whose dominance was not centred on Ruminococcus but extended more towards the entire Firmicutes phylum. In the third case, the presence of the phylum Firmicutes was split into two different enterotypes generating the clusters defined and named as Mixtures 1 and 2. Subsequently, the analysis of the water content (hydration) in the stool allowed the splitting of the Bacteroides enterotype into two sub-enterotype, respectively known as B1 and B2. All these models have allowed us to highlight some correlations between a specific enterotype, or cluster, and some characteristics, such as the greater predisposition of the respective hosts towards certain pathologies. These observations, coupled with the attempt to derive the different microbiota on an evolutionary basis, can help to shed new light on this topic and demonstrate the possible utility that the different ways of clustering the gut microbiota can have in a clinical application perspective and in preventive medicine.

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Perturbations in Gut Microbiota Composition in Psychiatric Disorders

Abstract: This systematic review and meta-analysis reviews gut microbiota alterations in general adult psychiatric populations and performs a within- and between-diagnostic comparison.

Cited by 421 publications

References 92 publications

Psychedelic Therapy's Transdiagnostic Effects: A Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Perspective

Psychedelic Therapy's Transdiagnostic Effects: A Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Perspective

Is There a Link between Oropharyngeal Microbiome and Schizophrenia? A Narrative Review

A Possible Perspective about the Compositional Models, Evolution, and Clinical Meaning of Human Enterotypes

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