Pertussis epidemic despite high levels of vaccination coverage with acellular pertussis vaccine

Sala-Farré, Maria-Rosa; Arias-Varela, César; Recasens-Recasens, Assumpta; Simó-Sanahuja, Maria; Muñoz-Almagro, Carmen; Pérez-Jové, Josefa

doi:10.1016/j.eimc.2013.09.013

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Deen et al studied 39 homes and 255 exposed persons in Los Angeles, United States, in 1995: in 53% of households, the primary case was aged older than 12 years [31]. Sala-Farré et al investigated 59 clusters in an area of Barcelona in 2011 and found that the most frequent primary cases were children aged 5–9 years (29%), followed by adults aged 30–39 years (22%) [32]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing the spread of pertussis in households: a prospective study, Catalonia and Navarre, Spain, 2012 to 2013

et al. 2016

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We aimed to investigate transmission rates of pertussis in household contacts of cases and factors associated with transmission. A prospective epidemiological study was conducted in 2012 and 2013 to determine the incidence of pertussis among household contacts of reported cases in Catalonia and Navarre, Spain. An epidemiological survey was completed for each case and contact, who were followed for 28 days to determine the source of infection (primary case) and detect the occurrence of secondary cases. Odds ratios (ORs) were used to estimate the effectiveness of vaccination and chemoprophylaxis in preventing new cases, using the formula (1 − OR) × 100. For the 688 primary cases, a total of 2,852 contacts were recorded. The household transmission rate was 16.1% (459/2,852) and rose according to the age (> 18 years) and lack of immunisation of the primary cases, and also the age (0–18 years), family relationship (siblings and children), lack of vaccination and chemoprophylaxis of contacts. Pertussis vaccine effectiveness in preventing new cases was 65.0% (95% confidence interval (CI): 11.6 to 86.2) for full vaccination (≥ 4 doses) and 59.7% (95% CI: −6.8 to 84.8) for incomplete vaccination (< 4 doses). The effectiveness of chemoprophylaxis was 62.1% (95% CI: 40.3 to 75.9). To reduce household transmission, contacts should be investigated to detect further cases and to administer chemoprophylaxis. The current vaccination status of cases and contacts can reduce household transmission.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing the spread of pertussis in households: a prospective study, Catalonia and Navarre, Spain, 2012 to 2013

et al. 2016

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“…Pertussis persists because neither vaccination nor natural infection induce long-lasting immunity (6). Epidemiological data, particularly in the US, suggest that waning immunity may be even more rapid following acellular pertussis vaccination, although valid head-to-head comparisons of whole-cell pertussis and acellular pertussis vaccines do not exist (7–9). In addition, waning immunity may be aggravated by pathogen adaptation and genetic variation (10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly differentiated human airway epithelial cells: a model to study host cell–parasite interactions in pertussis

Guevara

Zhang

Gaddy

et al. 2015

Infectious Diseases

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Background Bordetella pertussis colonizes the human respiratory mucosa. Most studies on B. pertussis adherence have relied on cultured mammalian cells that lack key features present in differentiated human airway cells or on animal models that are not natural hosts of B. pertussis. The objectives of this work are to evaluate B. pertussis infection on highly differentiated human airway cells in vitro and to show the role of B. pertussis fimbriae in cell adherence. Methods Primary human airway epithelial (PHAE) cells from human bronchi and a human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cell line were grown in vitro under air-liquid interface conditions. Results PHAE and HBE cells infected with B. pertussis wild type strain revealed bacterial adherence to cell’s apical surface and bacterial induced cytoskeleton changes and cell detachment. Mutations in the major fimbrial subunits Fim2/3 or in the minor fimbrial adhesin subunit FimD affected B. pertussis adherence to predominantly HBE cells. This cell model recapitulates the morphologic features of the human airway infected by B. pertussis and confirms the role of fimbriae in B. pertussis adherence. Furthemore, HBE cells show that fimbrial subunits, and specifically FimD adhesin, are critical in B. pertussis adherence to airway cells. Conclusions The relevance of this model to study host-parasite interaction in pertussis lies in the striking physiologic and morphologic similarity between the PHAE and HBE cells and the human airway ciliated and goblet cells in vivo. These cells can proliferate in vitro, differentiate, and express the same genetic profile as human respiratory cells in vivo.

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“…As observed in other countries with high vaccination coverages, 3 in recent years the incidence of pertussis has increased in Catalonia, with major outbreaks occurring. 4,5 Infants aged <1 y are the most affected age group, with most cases occurring in children aged <6 mo who have not initiated vaccination or have not completed primary vaccination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence study ofB. pertussisinfection in health care workers in Catalonia, Spain

Urbiztondo

Broner

Costa³

et al. 2014

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Pertussis is a re-emerging infection in countries with high infant immunization coverage. Healthcare workers (HCW) are exposed and can transmit the infection to especially-vulnerable patients. Therefore, pertussis vaccination of HCW is recommended. Between June 2008 and December 2010, 460 HCW from hospital and primary healthcare centers were recruited to determine susceptibility to pertussis. IgG antibodies against pertussis (anti-pertussis ab) were measured, using a routine technique that detects antibodies against pertussis including pertussis toxin (PT) and filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA). Positive results were confirmed with a more-specific technique that only assesses anti-PT IgG antibodies. The median age was 42 years (range, 21-65), 77.3% were female. 172 were nurses, 133 physicians, 60 other clinical workers and 95 non-clinical workers. None had received pertussis vaccination since childhood. The overall prevalence of anti-pertussis antibodies was 51.7%, (95% CI 47.1-56.4). Anti-PT antibodies were determined in the 220 HCW with positive anti-pertussis antibodies: 4 (1.8%) were negative and 33 (15%) had a high titer (≥ 45 IU/mL). No significant differences between the prevalence of anti-pertussis antibodies or anti-TP antibodies were found according to age, type of occupation or type of center. Our study confirms the need for vaccination of HCW because at least half are susceptible to pertussis. High anti-PT titers found in 15% of seropositive HCW showed that they had had recent contact with B. pertussis.

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Pertussis epidemic despite high levels of vaccination coverage with acellular pertussis vaccine

Cited by 21 publications

References 25 publications

Factors influencing the spread of pertussis in households: a prospective study, Catalonia and Navarre, Spain, 2012 to 2013

Factors influencing the spread of pertussis in households: a prospective study, Catalonia and Navarre, Spain, 2012 to 2013

Highly differentiated human airway epithelial cells: a model to study host cell–parasite interactions in pertussis

Seroprevalence study ofB. pertussisinfection in health care workers in Catalonia, Spain

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