Pertussis epidemiology and effect of vaccination among diagnosed children at Vietnam, 2015‐2018

Pham, Nhung TH; Le, Nhan D. T.; Le, Ngai Kien; Nguyen, Khoa Dang; Larsson, Mattias; Olson, Linus; Tran, Dien Minh

doi:10.1111/apa.15259

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Moreover, nearly 64% of cases were under three months old, of whom under 2-month-old infants, who are ineligible for vaccination, constituted approximately 70%. The possible reasons behind this may include the delay of the rst vaccine dose and the lack of immunization before pregnancy or among women of childbearing age 13,26 . Since 2015, the VNCH has started implementing measures to encourage doctors to increase the frequency of diagnostic tests for pertussis and other infectious diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pertussis seasonal variation in Vietnam: The evidence from a tertiary hospital

Pham,

TT,

Tran

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Introduction: Pertussis is a highly contagious and dangerous respiratory disease that threatens children’s health in many countries, including Vietnam, despite vaccine coverage. From 2015 to 2018, Vietnam experienced an increasing number of pertussis cases. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the trend and examine the seasonal variations in North Vietnam. Methods: Data were collected from medical records of all under-5-year-old inpatients admitted to the National Children’s Hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam (VNCH) 2015–2018. A descriptive analysis was performed to describe the distribution of incident cases by year and season. Linear multivariable regression was conducted to investigate the association between the incidence of cases and seasonality adjusted by age and vaccination status. Results: We identified 1063 laboratory-confirmed cases during 2015-2018, including 247 (23.2%) severe cases. The number of pertussis cases admitted to VNCH per 1000 hospitalizations was 3.2 in 2015, compared to 1.9, 3.1, and 2.1 in 2016, 2017, and 2018, respectively. Outbreaks occurred biennially; however, there was no significant difference in the number of severe cases over this period. Most cases occurred in the hot season (509 cases, or nearly half of the study population). With the adjustment of the vaccination rate and average age, the risk of pertussis-associated hospitalization in the mild season and the hot season was 21% (95% CI [0.12; 0.3]) and 15% (95% CI [0.05; 0.25]) higher than that in the warm season, respectively. The rate of hospitalizations was high in the mild season (28.9%) and the warm season (30.8%), nearly twice as much as that in the hot season; nevertheless, the death rate was only striking high in the mild season, about 5-6 times as much as those in the other seasons. Conclusion: The pertussis incidence in Northern Vietnam varied between seasons, peaking in the hot season (April-July). However, severe cases and deaths increased in the mild season (December-March). Interventions, for example, communication activities on pertussis and vaccination, are of immense importance in lowering the prevalence of pertussis. In addition, early diagnoses and early warnings performed by health professionals should be encouraged.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study analyzed data for long-term trends (years) to examine the general seasonal pattern of pertussis disease in the VNCH and North Vietnam. This paper provides a detailed description of the data collection process and the de nitions of cases and severe cases in the study 13 .…”

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pertussis seasonal variation in Vietnam: The evidence from a tertiary hospital

Pham,

TT,

Tran

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Since 2015, pertussis cases have sporadically increased in northern Vietnam because of vaccine safety issues. 11 The Vietnam National Children's Hospital (VNCH) is the largest tertiary pediatric hospital in Vietnam and covers mostly the population of northern Vietnam. The hospital has experienced sporadic increases in pediatric pertussis cases since 2015.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The hospital has experienced sporadic increases in pediatric pertussis cases since 2015. 11 The hospital is located in Hanoi, the capital and second largest city of Vietnam (population, approximately 7 million). Pertussis outbreaks occurred in 2017 and 2019; however, no study has evaluated factors associated with severe pertussis in neonates and infants.…”

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Association Between Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction Cycle Threshold Value and Clinical Severity in Neonates and Infants Infected With Bordetella pertussis

Nga

Thuy

Ainai

et al. 2022

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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Background: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is highly sensitive and is thus the standard method for diagnosing pertussis. Real-time PCR is widely used because of its accuracy and the simplicity of the simultaneous cycle threshold (Ct) value, which represents the copy numbers of the target gene. Little is known of the association of Ct value with pertussis severity in neonates and infants. Methods: This study determined Ct values in neonates and infants diagnosed with pertussis by real-time PCR using nasopharyngeal samples at Vietnam National Children's Hospital in Hanoi in 2017 and 2019. The association of disease severity and clinical parameters were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: We evaluated 108 patients with pertussis [median age: 63 days, interquartile range (IQR): 41-92 days]. Only 6/108 (6%) received at least 1 dose of a pertussis-containing vaccine. Among them, 24 (22.2%) had severe disease requiring care in a pediatric intensive care unit, 16 (13.8%) required mechanical ventilation, and 3 (2.6%) died. The median Ct value was lower in patients with severe disease (19.0, IQR: 16.5-22.0, n = 24) than in those without severe disease (25.5, IQR: 20.0-30.0, n = 84) (P = 0.002). Logistic regression analyses demonstrated that PCR Ct value [odds ratio (OR): 1.783, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.013-3.138, P = 0.045], age (OR: 3.118, 95% CI: 1.643-5.920, P = 0.001), and white blood cell counts (OR: 0.446, 95% CI: 0.261-0.763, P = 0.003) remained significantly associated with severe disease. Conclusions: Real-time PCR Ct values for pertussis might be useful as a predictor of severe disease in neonates and infants.

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Economic burden of pertussis in children: A single-center analysis in Hangzhou, China

Liu,

Yang,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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The “reemergence of pertussis” has elicited international concerns, occurring paradoxically amidst the expansion of immunization programs. This study was aimed to evaluate quantitatively the economic burden and identify the determinants that influence the cost associated with treating pertussis in Chinese children. We evaluated the economic burden by Chinese children diagnosed with pertussis at the Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine in 2022. Direct medical expenses and the utilization of medical resources attributed to pertussis were calculated. A generalized linear regression model was applied to analyze the determinants that were associated with the direct medical expenses among patients. Among the 1110 pertussis patients included in the study, 1060 were outpatients and 50 were inpatients. The average direct medical cost was ¥1878.70(i.e. $279.33). Living in urban areas (OR:1.27, p = .04), complications (OR:1.40, p < .001), hospitalization (OR:10.04, p < .001), and ≥ 3 medical visits (OR:3.71, p < .001) were associated with increased direct medical expenses. Having received four doses of the pertussis vaccine was associated with reduced direct medical expenses (OR:0.81, p = .04). This study underscores a substantial economic burden of pertussis in Hangzhou, with pronounced implications for patients residing in urban areas, experiencing complications, requiring hospitalization, having multiple medical consultations, or lacking comprehensive pertussis vaccination.

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Pertussis epidemiology and effect of vaccination among diagnosed children at Vietnam, 2015‐2018

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Pertussis seasonal variation in Vietnam: The evidence from a tertiary hospital

Pertussis seasonal variation in Vietnam: The evidence from a tertiary hospital

Association Between Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction Cycle Threshold Value and Clinical Severity in Neonates and Infants Infected With Bordetella pertussis

Economic burden of pertussis in children: A single-center analysis in Hangzhou, China

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