Pertussis-specific cell-mediated immunity in infants after vaccination with a tricomponent acellular pertussis vaccine

Zepp, Fred; Knuf, Markus; Habermehl, P.; Schmitt, Joe; Rebsch, C; Schmidtke, Peter; Clemens, Ralf; Slaoui, Moncef

doi:10.1128/iai.64.10.4078-4084.1996

Cited by 93 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Despite recent experimental and clinical investigations of induction and expression of immune responses against Bordetella pertussis, the mechanisms underlying protection from pertussis are not completely understood (8,15,25). Although data from experimental infections suggest that both T and B memory cell compartments are involved (18,20,23,26), it is not clear which component(s) of adaptive immune responses mediates protection induced by vaccination in infants and to what extent the mechanisms of protection induced by whole-cell pertussis (wP) or acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines differ from each other (4,7,13,29,36). Conflicting information has been generated about the existence of serologic correlates of protection (1,9,10,21,22,32,33).…”

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“…We have recently addressed the study of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) against B. pertussis antigens in children participating in the Italian Efficacy Trial of wP and aP vaccines (12). We have shown that CMI persisted in these children up to 20 months of age (4,7,29,36), and a correlation between clinical efficacy and percentage of vaccinees acquiring CMI to pertussis toxin (PT) was apparent (7). Coupled with evidence from experimental models of infection (18,23,26), the above-mentioned studies suggested that CMI induction could play a role in protection induced by vaccination and in its persistence despite the early fall of antibody (Ab) levels (4,7,11,13,29,36).…”

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Cell-Mediated Immune Responses in Four-Year-Old Children after Primary Immunization with Acellular Pertussis Vaccines

Ausiello¹,

Lande²,

Urbani³

et al. 1999

Infect Immun

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Cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses to Bordetella pertussis antigens (pertussis toxin [PT], pertactin [PRN], and filamentous hemagglutinin [FHA]) were assessed in 48-month-old recipients of acellular pertussis [aP] vaccines (either from Chiron-Biocine [aP-CB] or from SmithKline Beecham [aP-SB]) and compared to CMI responses to the same antigens at 7 months of age, i.e., 1 month after completion of the primary immunization cycle. None of the children enrolled in this study received any booster of pertussis vaccines or was affected by pertussis during the whole follow-up period. Overall, around 75% of 4-year-old children showed a CMI-positive response to at least one B. pertussis antigen, independently of the type of aP vaccine received, and the proportion of CMI responders were at least equal at 48 and 7 months of age. However, longitudinal examination of individual responses showed that from 20 (against PT) to 37% (against FHA) of CMI responders after primary immunization became negative at 48 months of age. This loss was more than compensated for by conversion to positive CMI responses, ranging from 36% against FHA to 69% against PRN, in other children who were CMI negative at 7 months of age. In 60 to 80% of these CMI converters, a lack of decline or even marked elevation of antibody (Ab) titers against B. pertussis antigens also occurred between 20 and 48 months of age. In particular, the frequency of seropositivity to PRN and FHA (but not to PT) was roughly three times higher in CMI converters than in nonconverters. The acquisition of CMI response toB. pertussis antigens in 48-month-old children was not associated with a greater frequency of coughing episodes lasting ≥7 days and was characterized by a prevalent type 1 cytokine profile, with high gamma interferon and low or no production of interleukin-5, reminiscent of cytokine patterns following immunization with whole-cell pertussis vaccine or natural infection. Our data imply that vaccination-induced systemic CMI may wane by 4 years of age but may be acquired or naturally boosted by symptomless or minor clinical infection by B. pertussis. This might explain, at least in part, the persistence of protection against typical pertussis in aP vaccine recipients despite a substantial waning of both Ab and CMI responses induced by the primary immunization.

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Cell-Mediated Immune Responses in Four-Year-Old Children after Primary Immunization with Acellular Pertussis Vaccines

Ausiello¹,

Lande²,

Urbani³

et al. 1999

Infect Immun

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“…In a recent study (34), Ryan et al demonstrated a preferential induction of T-helper 1 (Th1) cells in preschool children with B. pertussis infection. Zepp et al reported that primary immunization with a tricomponent acellular pertussis vaccine induced predominantly Th1 cells in infants (41). In contrast, Ausiello et al, also by vaccinating infants, found that an acellular vaccine induced cytokines of both types, whereas a whole-cell vaccine induced cytokines of Th1 type (2).…”

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Cytokine mRNA Expression and Proliferative Responses Induced by Pertussis Toxin, Filamentous Hemagglutinin, and Pertactin ofBordetella pertussisin the Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Infected and Immunized Schoolchildren and Adults

Minh

Edelman

et al. 1998

Infect Immun

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Pertussis infection is increasingly recognized in older children and adults, indicating the need of booster immunizations in these age groups. We investigated the induction of pertussis-specific immunity in schoolchildren and adults after booster immunization and natural infection. The expression of mRNA of gamma interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and IL-5 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was assayed by reverse transcription-PCR. The PBMCs of 17 children immunized with one dose of an acellular vaccine containing pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), and pertactin (PRN) significantly proliferated in vitro after stimulation with the vaccine antigens. The PBMCs of seven infected individuals markedly proliferated in the presence of PT and FHA, but the cells of only two of these subjects responded to PRN. At least one of the antigens induced mRNA for IL-4 and/or IL-5 in the cells of 93% of tested vaccinees and patients, and FHA induced IFN-γ mRNA in the cells of two-thirds of them. Expression of mRNA for IFN-γ correlated with the production of the cytokine protein. Anti-FHA immunoglobulin G antibodies significantly correlated with FHA-induced proliferative responses both before and after immunization. These results show that booster immunization with acellular pertussis vaccine induces both antibody- and cell-mediated immune responses in schoolchildren. Further, booster immunization and natural infection seem to induce the expression of mRNA of T-helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 type cytokines in similar manners. This observation supports the use of acellular pertussis vaccines for booster immunizations of older children, adolescents, and adults.

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“…Für das immunologische Gedächtnis ist weiterhin die T-Zell-vermittelte Immunität von großer Bedeutung. Es konnte außerdem gezeigt werden, dass bei einer Impfung mit einem azellulären Keuchhustenimpfstoff die T-Zell-vermittelte Immunität nach der Grundimmunisierung bis zur Boosterimpfung hin persistiert, wohingegen Antikörper im Serum schon lange nicht mehr nachweisbar waren, obwohl klinisch ein Schutz vor Pertussis bestand (39).…”

Section: Vaccinations Of Preterm Infantsunclassified

Impfungen von Frühgeborenen

Habermehl¹,

Kampmann²,

Knuf³

et al. 2004

Kinder- und Jugendmedizin

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ZusammenfassungDie Frage des optimalen Zeitpunkts, um ein frühgeborenes Kind zu impfen, ist letztendlich nicht geklärt. Sicher ist, dass Frühgeborene einem erhöhten Risiko ausgesetzt sind, an einer schweren Infektionskrankheit zu erkranken. Zudem ist bekannt, dass die Ausbildung eines voll funktionsfähigen Immunsystems stark von dem Gestationsalter abhängig ist. Demgegenüber steht das Bestreben, den Kindern durch die Impfung eine wirksame und rechtzeitige Prophylaxe zu ermöglichen, d. h. Frühgeborene möglichst zeitnah nach Geburt zu immunisieren, da die Inzidenz verschiedener Krankheiten, wie z. B. invasiver Hib-Erkrankungen und Keuchhusten, bei Kindern im ersten Lebensjahr am höchsten ist. Diese Arbeit soll die grundlegenden Besonderheiten des sich entwickelnden Immunsystems darstellen und unter Berücksichtigung der empfohlenen Impfungen, eine praxisnahe Umsetzung ermöglichen.

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Pertussis-specific cell-mediated immunity in infants after vaccination with a tricomponent acellular pertussis vaccine

Cited by 93 publications

References 49 publications

Cell-Mediated Immune Responses in Four-Year-Old Children after Primary Immunization with Acellular Pertussis Vaccines

Cell-Mediated Immune Responses in Four-Year-Old Children after Primary Immunization with Acellular Pertussis Vaccines

Cytokine mRNA Expression and Proliferative Responses Induced by Pertussis Toxin, Filamentous Hemagglutinin, and Pertactin ofBordetella pertussisin the Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Infected and Immunized Schoolchildren and Adults

Impfungen von Frühgeborenen

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