Perylene‐diimide‐based cathode interlayer materials for high performance organic solar cells

Abstract

Organic solar cells (OSCs), benefiting from their significant advantages, such as light weight, flexibility, low cost, and large area manufacturing adaptability, are considered promising clean energy technologies. Currently, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of state-of-the-art OSCs has reached over 18% through materials and device engineering. Specifically, cathode engineering with cathode interlayer materials (CIMs) is an important strategy to improve the PCEs and stability of OSCs. Among various CIMs reported in the literature, perylene diimides (PDIs) are more appropriate for working as cathode interlayers in OSCs owing to their distinct advantages of suitable energy levels, high electron affinity, high electron mobility, and facile modification. In this review, the mechanism of cathode engineering is concisely summarized, and recent research progress on PDI derivatives working as CIMs in OSCs is systematically reviewed. Finally, prospects and suggestions are provided for the development of PDI-based CIMs for practical applications.

Fluorinated Perylene‐Diimides: Cathode Interlayers Facilitating Carrier Collection for High‐Performance Organic Solar Cells

“…[ 10 ] Notably, n‐type organic semiconductors are attractive options for the CILs, owing to their advantages of relatively high electron affinity and high electron mobility. Therefore, a series of n‐type organic materials have been developed for the effective CILs, including functional fullerenes, [ 11,12 ] n‐doped carbon nanotubes and graphenes, [ 13 ] organosilica nanodots, [ 14 ] naphthalene diimides (NDIs), [ 15–19 ] perylene‐diimides (PDIs), [ 20–28 ] and osmapentalynes. [ 29,30 ] Among them, the PDI‐based small molecules stand out for their low synthesis costs and high‐performance.…”

“…The devices with PDINN-F CIL retain more than 80% of their initial PCE after operating at the maximum power point under continuous illumination for 750 h. This work prescribes a facile, cost-effective, and scalable method for the preparation of stable, high-performance fluorinated CILs, and instilling promise for the NIR-SMAs-based OSCs moving forward. organic materials have been developed for the effective CILs, including functional fullerenes, [11,12] n-doped carbon nanotubes and graphenes, [13] organosilica nanodots, [14] naphthalene diimides (NDIs), [15][16][17][18][19] perylene-diimides (PDIs), [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] and osmapentalynes. [29,30] Among them, the PDI-based small molecules stand out for their low synthesis costs and highperformance.…”

A Novel Multiple‐Ring Aromatic Spacer Based 2D Ruddlesden–Popper CsPbI3Solar Cell with Record Efficiency Beyond 16%

“…The lower n trap further confirms that due to the improved quality of 1-NA-Pb film, the reduced charge carrier recombination favors charge transport. [56][57][58] Photovoltaic devices were fabricated via the structure of FTO/ TiO 2 /2D RP CsPbI 3 /Spiro-OMeTAD/MoO 3 /Ag. By using PEA-Pb and 1-NA-Pb (n = 4) perovskites as photoactive layers, the corresponding J-V characteristic curves are illustrated in Figure 5a and the performance parameters are listed in Table 1.…”

New Perylene Diimide Ink for Interlayer Formation in Air-Processed Conventional Organic Photovoltaic Devices

“…An emerging top class of materials for high-performance interlayers are those based upon the perylene diimide (PDI) dye. With high thermal and photochemical stability, well-matched electron affinities for electron accepting and transport, easily tunable structures, and green solvent processability, PDIs have become very popular for use as nonfullerene acceptors and cathode interlayers in OPVs. , Examples include the molecules PDIN, PDINO, PDINN, and PDI-M (Figure A), with PDI-M enabling high power conversion efficiency (PCE) OPVs above 18% (spin-coated under an inert atmosphere). − …”