Pest categorisation of Cadang‐Cadang viroid

Jeger, Michael; Bragard, Claude; Caffier, David; Dehnen‐Schmutz, Katharina; Gilioli, Gianni; Grégoire, Jean‐Claude; Miret, Josep Anton Jaques; MacLeod, Alan; Navarro, María Navajas; Niere, Björn; Parnell, Stephen; Potting, Roel; Rafoss, Trond; Rossi, Vittorio; Urek, Gregor; Bruggen, Ariena Van; Werf, Wopke Van der; West, Jonathan; Chatzivassiliou, Elisavet; Winter, Stephan; Holló, Gábor; Candresse, Thierry

doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4928

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This is an update of the pest categorisation of coconut cadang‐cadang viroid (CCCVd) previously published by EFSA (EFSA PLH Panel, 2017 ). The text of such scientific opinion was modified taking into consideration new information and the need to follow a different template (EFSA PLH Panel, 2018 ) with respect to the previous version.…”

Section: Data and Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pest categorisation of coconut cadang‐cadang viroid

Bragard¹,

Baptista²,

Chatzivassiliou³

et al. 2023

EFS2

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The EFSA Panel on Plant Health updated its 2017 pest categorisation of coconut cadang cadang viroid (CCCVd) for the EU territory due to new data on its host range. The identity of CCCVd, a member of the genus Cocadviroid (family Pospiviroidae), is established and detection and identification methods are available. It is included as a quarantine pest for the EU in the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2072. CCCVd has been reported from the Philippines and Malaysia. It is not known to be present in the EU. The host range of CCCVd is restricted to Arecaceae species (palms), in particular, coconut palm (Cocos nucifera) to which it causes a lethal disease. Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and buri palm (Corypha utan) are other natural hosts of CCCVd. Palm species of several genera, including Phoenix spp. and other species grown and/or cultivated in the EU, have been identified as potential hosts. The viroid is naturally transmitted at low rate by seeds and pollen and possibly by additional not yet identified natural transmission means. It can be transmitted through vegetative propagation applied to some palm species. Plants for planting including seeds of its hosts have been identified as the main entry pathway of CCCVd. Potential hosts of CCCVd are present in the EU, therefore establishment is possible. Should the pest establish in the EU, an impact is expected, with uncertainty on its magnitude. The Panel identified the susceptibility of palm species grown in the EU as a key uncertainty potentially affecting the conclusion of this pest categorisation. Nevertheless, the pest satisfies the criteria that are within the remit of EFSA to assess for this viroid to be regarded as potential Union quarantine pest.

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Section: Data and Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pest categorisation of coconut cadang‐cadang viroid

Bragard¹,

Baptista²,

Chatzivassiliou³

et al. 2023

EFS2

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“…Viroids of quarantine importance in North America include: ASSVd, PBCVd and PSTVd in Canada; ChCMVd, CSVd, CEVd, CCCVd, ELVd, HSVd (cachexia strain), PLMVd, PBCVd and PSTVd in Mexico; HSVd (cachexia strain), PBCVd and PSTVd in the United States [72]. Viroids of certification importance in propagative material in the European Union include ADFVd, ASSVd, CEVd, HSVd (cachexia strain), PLMVd, PBCVd [72] and CCCVd [73]. Other countries may have similar or different viroids of quarantine or certification importance.…”

Section: Ngs and Viroidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Next-Generation Sequencing and CRISPR/Cas13 Editing in Viroid Research and Molecular Diagnostics

Hadidi

2019

Viruses

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Viroid discovery as well as the economic significance of viroids and biological properties are presented. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies combined with informatics have been applied to viroid research and diagnostics for almost a decade. NGS provides highly efficient, rapid, low-cost high-throughput sequencing of viroid genomes and of the 21–24 nt vd-sRNAs generated by the RNA silencing defense of the host. NGS has been utilized in various viroid studies which are presented. The discovery during the last few years that prokaryotes have heritable adaptive immunity mediated through clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated Cas proteins, have led to transformative advances in molecular biology, notably genome engineering and most recently molecular diagnostics. The potential application of the CRISPR-Cas13a system for engineering viroid interference in plants is suggested by targeting specific motifs of three economically important viroids. The CRISPR-Cas13 system has been utilized recently for the accurate detection of human RNA viruses by visual read out in 90 min or less and by paper-based assay. Multitarget RNA tests by this technology have a good potential for application as a rapid and accurate diagnostic assay for known viroids. The CRISPR/Cas system will work only for known viroids in contrast to NGS, but it should be much faster.

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Pest categorisation of Palm lethal yellowing phytoplasmas

Jeger¹,

Bragard²,

Candresse³

et al. 2017

EFS2

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The EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of Palm lethal yellowing phytoplasmas for the EU territory. This name is used to describe diseases that share the same succession of symptoms in palms that are caused by a number of strains of phytoplasma, for which efficient molecular detection assays are available. The pest is not known to occur in the EU and therefore does not meet one of the criteria for being a Union regulated non-quarantine pest. For 'Candidatus Phytoplasma palmae', the planthopper Haplaxius crudus, which is not known to be present in the EU, is the confirmed vector, but for the other strains, the vectors are unknown. The host range of the pest is restricted to Arecaceae species, in particular coconut. The pest is regulated on all known hosts in Annex IIAI of Directive 2000/29/EC. It could potentially enter the EU via plants for planting or through infected vectors. The phytoplasmas could become established in the EU as host plants are present. It is unknown whether arthropods present in the EU could be vectors. The potential impact of the pest if introduced into the EU is difficult to assess given this uncertainty but is estimated to be limited. The main knowledge gaps concern the status of potential vector insects in the EU; the possibility for seed transmission of the phytoplasmas; the origin and volume of the trade in palm seeds and plants for planting; the host status and susceptibility of many palm species grown in the EU and the potential new assignments of phytoplasmas to this categorisation that might have associated alternate hosts. Palm lethal yellowing phytoplasmas meet the criteria assessed by EFSA for consideration as Union quarantine pest.

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Pest categorisation of Cadang‐Cadang viroid

Cited by 4 publications

References 30 publications

Pest categorisation of coconut cadang‐cadang viroid

Pest categorisation of coconut cadang‐cadang viroid

Next-Generation Sequencing and CRISPR/Cas13 Editing in Viroid Research and Molecular Diagnostics

Pest categorisation of Palm lethal yellowing phytoplasmas

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