Pest Management for Agronomic Crops

Razaq, Muhammad; Shah, Farhan Mahmood; Ahmad, Shakeel; Afzal, Muhammad

doi:10.1007/978-981-32-9783-8_18

Cited by 36 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…The pest lays eggs in batches, yielding a large population of hatchlings that are gregarious and spread over nearby plants as they grow. The hatchlings develop through 5-7 larval instars (Rao et al, 1989), during which they can inflict huge losses on sensitive crops (Razaq et al, 2019;Shah et al, 2020). The potential for whole crop failures causes farmers to heavily apply pesticides to their crops (Saleem et al, 2016;Shah et al, 2017Shah et al, , 2019.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Response of Harmonia axyridis to the Larvae of Spodoptera litura: The Combined Effect of Temperatures and Prey Instars

Islam

Shah²,

Güncan³

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Functional responses are central to predator–prey dynamics and describe how predation varies with prey abundance. Functional responses often are measured without regard to prey size (i.e., body mass) or the temperature dependence of feeding rates. However, variation in prey size within populations is ubiquitous, and predation rates are often both size and temperature-dependent. Here, we assessed functional responses of larvae and adult Harmonia axyridis on the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd instars of the prey Spodoptera litura across a range of temperatures (i.e., 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35°C). The type and parameters of the functional responses were determined using logistic regression and fitted to the Roger's random predator equation. The magnitude of predation varied with the predator and prey stage, but prey predation increased with warming and predator age. Predation by the female and 4th instar of H. axyridis on the 1st instar of prey was greater, followed by the 2nd and 3rd instar of prey S. litura. No predation occurred on the larger prey for the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd instars of H. axyridis. The larvae and adult H. axyridis produced a type II (hyperbolic) functional response curve across all temperatures and the three prey types they consumed. Space clearance rates, handling time, and maximum predation rates of H. axyridis changed with temperature and prey size, increasing with temperature and decreasing with prey size, suggesting more predation will occur on younger prey. This study indicates an interactive role of temperature and prey/predator size in shaping functional responses, which might complicate the planning of effective biocontrol strategies against this serious pest.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Response of Harmonia axyridis to the Larvae of Spodoptera litura: The Combined Effect of Temperatures and Prey Instars

Islam

Shah²,

Güncan³

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…The control of agricultural pest challenges has depended mostly on the application of synthetic pesticides [ 10 ]. About 80% of the pesticides are used by the developed world and remaining is by the developing world [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature-Dependent Functional Response of Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on the Eggs of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Laboratory

Islam

Shah

et al. 2020

Insects

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Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a major pest of several economically important crops with worldwide distribution. Use of insecticides is the principal strategy for its management, which has subsequently led to insecticide resistance and control failures. Functional response of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) at larval and adult stages was evaluated in this study, using S. litura eggs as the prey at various temperatures varying between 15 and 35 °C. Based on logistic model findings, linear parameters of various predatory stages of H. axyridis at various temperatures were significantly negative, which indicate a type II functional response. The theoretical maximum number (T/Th) of eggs consumed increased with increasing temperature for all predatory stages. According to the random predator equation, the coefficients of attack rate increased and that of handling time decreased as the temperature increased. The 4th instar and adult stages were superior candidates for biocontrol of the target prey, typically at higher temperatures. The maximum attack rate (0.546 ± 0.058 h) and lowest handling time (0.189 ± 0.004 h−1) were exhibited by the females at 30 and 35 °C, respectively, whereas these parameters were inferior for early instars. These findings clearly depict that the 4th instar and adult predators are efficient egg consumers and can serve as potential suppressors of S. litura field populations. The limitations of the predictions formulated by functional response trials are also discussed.

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“…Among the many biotic factors responsible for decreasing yield of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., arthropods is a leading factor and may cause 30 to 40% losses in raw cotton production (Oerke & Dehne, 2004). Various control methods are being used to control insect pests but chemical control is the only option in the cotton production systems of the world (Razaq et al, 2019a;Razaq et al, 2019b). According to an estimate 16% pesticides are used to control cotton insect pests in the world whereas in Pakistan 61.9% are applied for this crop (CCRI, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic farming of cotton Gossypium hirsutum L. mediates species richness and evenness of generalist predators

Shahid

Razaq

Farooq

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Organic farming is known to enhance the diversity and abundance of biological control agents thus, complements integrated pest management (IPM). There is little published literature from cotton crop grown organically with respect to abundance and diversity of natural enemies. In this study we present the assemblage of arthropods predatory communities from the organically as well as conventionally grown cotton. We noted two Coccinellids species (Coccinella undecimpunctata L., Coccinella septempunctata L.), Formicid, Orius insidious (Say), two spider species (Thomisidae and Araneidae) and Encarsia formosa Gahan in both kinds of fields, but their populations and diversity were more abundant in organically managed fields. In organic cotton, species richness was significantly higher and Simpson dominance was significantly lower compared to conventional counterpart in 2019 and reverse situation was observed in 2021. Moreover, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephen) were observed only in organically grown cotton. Spiders and formicids first appeared almost at the same time when hemipetran pests were recorded. This study demonstrates that organically grown cotton fosters more densities of biological control agents and their species. Our results proved that pest management is triggered by two phenomena in organic farming. First, pest densities are reduced by the number of natural enemy species (species richness) when dominance is lower, and secondly, by the limited number of dominant species present in organic fields when species richness is lower. We also discuss implications of our results for pest management on organically grown cotton in the context of ecosystem services.

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Pest Management for Agronomic Crops

Cited by 36 publications

References 89 publications

Functional Response of Harmonia axyridis to the Larvae of Spodoptera litura: The Combined Effect of Temperatures and Prey Instars

Functional Response of Harmonia axyridis to the Larvae of Spodoptera litura: The Combined Effect of Temperatures and Prey Instars

Temperature-Dependent Functional Response of Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on the Eggs of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Laboratory

Organic farming of cotton Gossypium hirsutum L. mediates species richness and evenness of generalist predators

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