Pest resistance to Cry1Ab Bt maize: Field resistance, contributing factors and lessons from South Africa

Berg, J. van den; Hilbeck, Angelika; Bøhn, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2013.08.010

Cited by 67 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Scientific publications on the effects of Bt maize on South African smallholders, from socioeconomic and ecological perspectives, are now starting to accumulate. [1][2][3][4] Bt maize produces insecticidal proteins that provide resistance to the African maize stem borer (Busseola fusca) and the Chilo borer (Chilo partellus) which can cause significant yield losses in low-input African smallholder systems. 5 As maize is the dominant staple crop in Africa, and stem borer damage is a significant production problem to many African smallholders, Bt maize could have substantial positive impacts on the livelihoods and food security of smallholders.…”

Section: Is Bt Maize Effective In Improving South African Smallholdermentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Bt maize effective in improving South African smallholder agriculture?

Fischer¹,

Berg²,

Mutengwa³

2015

S. Afr. J. Sci.

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Section: Is Bt Maize Effective In Improving South African Smallholdermentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Bt maize effective in improving South African smallholder agriculture?

Fischer¹,

Berg²,

Mutengwa³

2015

S. Afr. J. Sci.

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“…The cultivated tomato is strictly self-pollinated crop (cleistogamous nature of flower) and pollen specific promoter is not used for expression cry1Ab gene, therefore, the possibility of pollen-toxicity is ruled out in our case. Although, the use of single cry1Ab gene targeted against African maize stem borer in Bt-maize did not endure longer, and enforcement of high refugia and gene pyramiding strategy had prevented the development of resistance (Berg et al 2013; Tabashnik et al 2011). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgenic tomato line expressing modified Bacillus thuringiensis cry1Ab gene showing complete resistance to two lepidopteran pests

et al. 2014

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The modified truncated Bt-cry1Ab gene of Bacillus thuringiensis has been used for the development and selection of over expressing transgenic events in a commercially important variety of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) by Agrobacterium-mediated leaf-disc transformation procedure. The integration and inheritance of cry1Ab gene in T0 transgenic plants and their progenies were determined by PCR, RT-PCR and Southern blot hybridization analysis. The toxin expression was monitored by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). The transgenic line Ab25 E, expressing 0.47 ± 0.01% Cry1Ab toxin of total soluble protein (TSP) was finally selected in the T4 generation from the segregating population, showing 100% mortality to the second instar larvae of H. armigera and S. litura and minimal damages to leaves and fruits. Southern blot analysis data revealed single copy introgression of cry1Ab gene in highly-expressing Ab25 E transgenic line and expression of Cry1Ab toxin of molecular mass ~65 kDa was evident in Western blot analyses in transgenic plants of T4, T5 and T6 generation. Receptor binding assay performed with partially purified Cry1Ab protein from Ab25 E transgenic tomato line, confirmed efficient protein-protein interaction of Cry1Ab toxin with receptor(s) of both the insects. The higher level of Cry1Ab toxin (≈ 0.47 ± 0.01% TSP) did not affect the normal in vitro regeneration, plant development and fruit yield in this transgenic line. This high expressing Cry1Ab homozygous transgenic line can be a useful candidate in tomato breeding programmes for introgression of important agronomical traits.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2193-1801-3-84) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…In the 2004/5 season, the first reports on resistant insects were coming in: B. fusca larvae could be found feeding on Bt maize plants (van Rensburg, 2007; Figure 1A). By 2010, the area where such resistant insects were found increased to cover most of the maize growing areas in the country (Kruger et al, 2012;Van den Berg et al, 2013). Where resistant insects appeared, farmers responded by re-starting the previous practice of spraying insecticides-now on the transgenic MON810 variety ( Figure 1B).…”

Section: Case Study 1 Resistance Evolution In Busseola Fusca To Cry1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex Outcomes from Insect and Weed Control with Transgenic Plants: Ecological Surprises?

Bøhn

Löveï

2017

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Agriculture is fundamental for human survival through food production and is performed in ecosystems that, while simplified, still operate along ecological principles and retain complexity. Agricultural plants are thus part of ecological systems, and interact in complex ways with the surrounding terrestrial, soil, and aquatic habitats. We discuss three case studies that demonstrate how agricultural solutions to pest and weed control, if they overlook important ecological and evolutionary factors, cause "surprises": (i) the fast emergence of resistance against the crop-inserted Bt-toxin in South Africa, (ii) the ecological changes generated by Bt-cotton landscapes in China, and (iii) the decline of the monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus, in North America. The recognition that we work with complex systems is in itself important, as it should limit the belief in reductionist solutions. Agricultural practices lacking eco-evolutionary understanding result in "surprises" like resistance evolution both in weeds and pest insects, risking the reappearance of the "pesticide treadmill"-with increased use of toxic pesticides as the follow-up. We recommend prioritization of research that counteracts the tendencies of reductionist approaches. These may be beneficial on a short term, but with trade-off costs on a medium-to long-term. Such costs include loss of biodiversity, ecosystem services, long-term soil productivity, pollution, and reduced food quality.

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Pest resistance to Cry1Ab Bt maize: Field resistance, contributing factors and lessons from South Africa

Cited by 67 publications

References 42 publications

Is Bt maize effective in improving South African smallholder agriculture?

Is Bt maize effective in improving South African smallholder agriculture?

Transgenic tomato line expressing modified Bacillus thuringiensis cry1Ab gene showing complete resistance to two lepidopteran pests

Complex Outcomes from Insect and Weed Control with Transgenic Plants: Ecological Surprises?

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