Pest risk assessment of Atropellis spp. for the EU territory

The increase in arrivals of new forest pests highlights the need for effective phytosanitary legislation and measures. This paper introduces legislation targeted at prevention and management of potential introductions of forest pests and pathogens. An overview is given on plant health regulations on global and regional level with detailed information on the situation in the European Union (EU). The current and new European legislation is discussed, and a particular focus is given on eradication and contingency plans for Fusarium circinatum. We identified key aspects relevant for the improvement of the efficacy of measures aimed to prevent alien pests.

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“…The method has been applied to some case studies related to forest plants, including Atropellis spp. [46] and Cryphonectria parasitica [47].…”

Section: Pest Risk Analysis (Pra)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several scientific opinions have been produced on forest pests, including Atropellis spp. [46], Cryphonectria parasitica [47], and many others [51]. The EFSA Panel carries out scientific evaluations of pest risk assessment or evaluates risk mitigating measures proposed by other parties.…”

Section: Bursaphelenchus Xylophilusmentioning

confidence: 99%

EU Legislation on Forest Plant Health: An Overview with a Focus on Fusarium circinatum

Vettraino

Potting

Raposo

2018

Forests

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“…Note that one of the input parameters is a disaggregation of consignments factor (d) used to disaggregate the infested material entering into the EU to different locations in the risk assessment area, as in previous Panel PRAs (EFSA PLH Panel, 2017 , 2022 , 2023 ). For example, for d = 1, one ton of citrus fruit is delivered to one location, whereas if d = 2, one ton of citrus fruit is delivered to two locations (in consignments of 500 kg each).…”

Section: Data and Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk assessment of Resseliella citrifrugis for the EU

Bragard¹,

Baptista²,

Chatzivassiliou³

et al. 2023

EFS2

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Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a risk assessment of the citrus fruit midge Resseliella citrifrugis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), an oligophagous species, which feeds on fruits of Citrus spp., and is reported from China. The pest was temporarily regulated in October 2022 (Regulation (EU) /1941 , under Art. 30 (2016 /2031). The entry risk assessment focused on the citrus fruit pathway. Three scenarios were considered: A0 (current practice, i.e. regulated pest for the EU), A1 (deregulation) and A2 (A0 with additional stand-alone post-harvest cold treatment). Based on the outputs of the entry model, under scenario A0, slightly less than 40 potential founder populations per year are expected (median; 90%-uncertainty interval between about one per 30 years and about 3,000 per year). Under scenario A1, the risk of entry increases by about three times and reaches about 120 potential founder populations per year (median; 90%-uncertainty interval between about one per 10 years and about 9,000 per year). Compared to scenario A0, the risk of entry is orders of magnitude lower for scenario A2 (median = about one potential founder population per 120 years; 90%-uncertainty interval between one per about 600 million years and about two per year). The main uncertainties in the entry assessment are the probability of transfer, the RRO effectiveness (for scenario A2) and the disaggregation of consignments (transport of citrus fruit in boxes or lots to different locations). For all scenarios, the number of established populations is only slightly lower than the number of potential founder populations. Establishment is thus not expected to be a major constraint for this pest to then spread and cause impacts, despite the uncertainty about the pest thermal requirements. The median lag period between establishment and spread is estimated to be about 18 months (90%-uncertainty interval between about 7 and 54 months). After the lag period, the median rate of spread by flying and due to transport of harvested citrus fruit from orchards to packinghouses is estimated at about 100 km/year (90%-range between about 40 and 500 km/year). The main uncertainties in the spread assessment include the level of susceptibility of cultivars of different citrus species in the EU, the spread rate in China and the climate suitability of the initial spread focus in the EU. The median impact of R. citrifrugis in the EU citrus-growing area (proportion of infested citrus fruit out of harvested citrus fruit) is estimated at about 10% (90%-uncertainty interval between about 2% and 25%). Uncertainties affecting the impact assessment include the susceptibility of different citrus cultivars and the effect of the citrus fruit-harvesting season in the EU (mainly winter, the less suitable season for the pest).

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“…The assessments considered Grapevine flavescence dor ee phytoplasma (EFSA PLH Panel, 2016a) and Atropellis spp. (EFSA PLH Panel, 2017c). The assessment of Grapevine flavescence dor ee phytoplasma did not assess entry into the EU because the organism is not known to occur outside of the EU (EFSA PLH Panel, 2016a).…”

Section: Scopementioning

confidence: 99%

Guidance on quantitative pest risk assessment

Jeger¹,

Bragard²,

Caffier³

et al. 2018

EFS2

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243

260

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This Guidance describes a two-phase approach for a fit-for-purpose method for the assessment of plant pest risk in the territory of the EU. Phase one consists of pest categorisation to determine whether the pest has the characteristics of a quarantine pest or those of a regulated non-quarantine pest for the area of the EU. Phase two consists of pest risk assessment, which may be requested by the risk managers following the pest categorisation results. This Guidance provides a template for pest categorisation and describes in detail the use of modelling and expert knowledge elicitation to conduct a pest risk assessment. The Guidance provides support and a framework for assessors to provide quantitative estimates, together with associated uncertainties, regarding the entry, establishment, spread and impact of plant pests in the EU. The Guidance allows the effectiveness of risk reducing options (RROs) to be quantitatively assessed as an integral part of the assessment framework. A list of RROs is provided. A two-tiered approach is proposed for the use of expert knowledge elicitation and modelling. Depending on data and resources available and the needs of risk managers, pest entry, establishment, spread and impact steps may be assessed directly, using weight of evidence and quantitative expert judgement (first tier), or they may be elaborated in substeps using quantitative models (second tier). An example of an application of the first tier approach is provided. Guidance is provided on how to derive models of appropriate complexity to conduct a second tier assessment. Each assessment is operationalised using Monte Carlo simulations that can compare scenarios for relevant factors, e.g. with or without RROs. This document provides guidance on how to compare scenarios to draw conclusions on the magnitude of pest risks and the effectiveness of RROs and on how to communicate assessment results.

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Pest risk assessment of Atropellis spp. for the EU territory

Cited by 9 publications

References 35 publications

EU Legislation on Forest Plant Health: An Overview with a Focus on Fusarium circinatum

EU Legislation on Forest Plant Health: An Overview with a Focus on Fusarium circinatum

Risk assessment of Resseliella citrifrugis for the EU

Guidance on quantitative pest risk assessment

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