This document was prepared in the context of the EFSA mandate on plant pest surveillance (M-2020-0114), at the request of the European Commission. Its purpose is to guide the Member States in preparing data and information for designing statistically sound and risk-based surveys of non-EU tephritid fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) regulated as Union quarantine pests. This document is a guide for selecting and using the most appropriate EFSA pest survey card for the preparation of surveillance activities of non-EU Tephritidae. Pest-specific survey cards can be used for surveys targeting priority pests. Crop-specific survey cards are designed for surveying all the taxa of quarantine non-EU Tephritidae following a crop-based approach. A database summarizing information relevant for surveillance is also available.