Peste des petits ruminants

Abstract

Peste des petits ruminants virus causes a highly infectious disease of small ruminants that is endemic across Africa, the Middle East and large regions of Asia. The virus is considered to be a major obstacle to the development of sustainable agriculture across the developing world and has recently been targeted by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) and the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) for eradication with the aim of global elimination of the disease by 2030. Fundamentally, the vaccines required to successfully achieve this goal are currently available, but the availability of novel vaccine preparations to also fulfill the requisite for differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA) may reduce the time taken and the financial costs of serological surveillance in the later stages of any eradication campaign. Here, we overview what is currently known about the virus, with reference to its origin, updated global circulation, molecular evolution, diagnostic tools and vaccines currently available to combat the disease. Further, we comment on recent developments in our knowledge of various recombinant vaccines and on the potential for the development of novel multivalent vaccines for small ruminants.

Seroprevalence and risk factors for peste des petits ruminants and selected differential diagnosis in sheep and goats in Tanzania

“…PPRV has long been known to cause disease in wildlife [28]. Clinical signs are yet to be described in wild ruminants in sub-Saharan Africa, but have been reported in wild ruminants in Asia and in the Middle East [67]. Antibodies have been described in wild buffaloes, Grant’s gazelle, wildebeest, and impala in Tanzania [32,68].…”

Development of Recombinant Nucleocapsid Protein based indirect ELISA for Serodiagnosis of Peste des Petits Ruminants in Sheep and Goats

“…The disease is economically important and hence, its control and eradication is a most priority. Considering the importance of small ruminants in food security and socio-economic growth mainly in Africa, Asia and in many other parts of the world, the complete control and eradication of PPR becomes essential and in this direction, recently, Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) and the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) convened in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire for the International Conference for the Control and Eradication of PPR, the high-level authorities from affected countries agreed on a global plan to control and eradicate PPR by 2030 (http://www.fao.org/ news/story/ en/item/282397/icode/; Parida et al, 2015). This campaign will make PPR only the second animal disease ever to be eradicated, after rinderpest.…”

Comparison and Evaluation of One-Step Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (Rt-Pcr) and Reverse Transcriptase Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay(rt-Lamp) for Rapid Detection of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (Fmdv)

“…The other regional. vernacular names of the disease are "Kata'', "pseudo rinderpest", "syndrome of stomatitis pneumoenteritis" and "pneumoenteritis complex" [2]. Clinically, the disease is characterized by fever, mucopurulent ocular and nasal discharges, necrotizing and erosive stomatitis, severe enteritis and pneumonia leading to death [3].…”