Pesticidal Plants for Stored Product Pests on Small-holder Farms in Africa

Stevenson, Philip C.; Arnold, Sarah E. J.; Belmain, Steven R.

doi:10.1007/978-81-322-2006-0_9

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…Tephrosia plants have long been used for protecting grains from weevils [ 106 ]. Dried leaves have the potential to protect stored legume seeds from damage by bruchids in Southern Africa [ 107 ].…”

Section: The Use Of Tephrosia Plants For Managimentioning

confidence: 99%

Plants in the Genus Tephrosia: Valuable Resources for Botanical Insecticides

Zhang

Qin

Chen

et al. 2020

Insects

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Synthetic insecticides are effective in controlling insect pests but can also harm nontarget organisms and the environment. During the last 40 years, there has been an increasing interest in alternative insecticides, particularly those derived from plants, commonly known as botanical insecticides. However, commercially available botanical insecticides remain limited. Rotenone is one of the earliest identified compounds and was used as fish poison and pest management. Due to its link with Parkinson disease, the use of rotenone was banned in many developed countries. Rotenone used to be isolated from Derris spp. and Lonchocarpus spp., and it can also be isolated from Tephrosia species. In this article, we present basic botanical information on selected Tephrosia species and their major compounds related to insecticidal activities and highlight the current use of extracts derived from some species, Tephrosia vogelii in particular, for control of insect pests in stored grains and crop production. The crude extracts contain multiple bioactive compounds, mainly rotenone, deguelin, rotenolone, and tephrosin, which act in either additive or synergistic fashion, resulting in effective control of insect pests. There are about 400 species in the genus Tephrosia, and species and even strains or variants vary greatly in these active compounds. We argue that a systematic evaluation of bioactive compounds in different species are needed, and species or strains with high insecticidal activities should be selected for use in the sustainable control of insect pests.

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Section: The Use Of Tephrosia Plants For Managimentioning

confidence: 99%

Plants in the Genus Tephrosia: Valuable Resources for Botanical Insecticides

Zhang

Qin

Chen

et al. 2020

Insects

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“…The arthropods represent the most abundant phylum of the animal kingdom with fundamental economic importance. Arthropods which include phytophagous insects and mite species can destroy not only the grown crops but also the stored agricultural products [19]. The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), is a global stored product pest particularly stored in grains and foodstuffs [20], damaging their quality and quantity [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecofriendly Synthesis and Insecticidal Application of Copper Nanoparticles against the Storage Pest Tribolium castaneum

et al. 2020

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In spite of great developments in the agricultural field and plant productivity in the last decades, the concern about the control of agricultural pests is still continuous. However, pest management is expected to have more effects from nanomaterials by providing innovative solutions. The current study confirms the biotransformation of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) using a cell-free culture extract of metal copper-resistant bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens MAL2, which was isolated from heavy metal-contaminated soils collected from Sharqia Governorate, Egypt. The local screened bacterial isolate, Pseudomonas fluorescens MAL2, is similar to Pseudomonas fluorescens DSM 12442T DSM. After optimization of growth conditions, F-Base medium was found to be the best medium and pH 7, temperature 35 °C, concentration of CuSO4·5H2O 300 ppm, 10 mL supernatant: 40 mL CuSO4·5H2O (300 ppm), and reaction time 90 min were recorded as the best growth conditions to the fabrication of CuNPs. The formed CuNPs were characterized using initially visual observation of the change in the color of the reaction mixture from blue color to the dark green as an indication of CuNPs biotransformation. Then, UV–Vis spectroscopy showed a maximum absorption at 610 nm under the optimum conditions performed. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) revealed the formation of spherical aspect with size ranges from 10:70 nm; moreover, Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) indicated the presence of CuNPs and other elements. In addition, the presence of alcohols, phenols, alkenes, and amines is confirmed by Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) supported that the Zeta-average size of nanoparticle was 48.07 with 0.227 PdI value. The Zeta potential showed −26.00mV with a single peak. The biosynthesized CuNPs (Bio CuNPs) showed toxicity against the stored grain pest (Tribolium castaneum), where LC50 value was 37 ppm after 5 days of treatment. However, the negligible effect was observed with chemical synthesis of CuNPs (Ch CuNPs) at the same concentration. The results suggest that Bio CuNPs could be used not only as a biocontrol agent, but also as an ecofriendly and inexpensive approach for controlling the stored grain pests.

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“…Botanical pesticides are products derived directly from plants that have pesticidal properties (Ortiz-Hernandez et al, 2013) and are used to protect crops and livestock, crop products, the environment and humans from synthetic pesticide toxicity which has become a global problem (Rozman et al, 2007). Recent studies suggest botanical pesticides have gained enormous research attention as in many cases, smallholder farmers consider them the only economic option for grain storage (Stevenson et al, 2014). Moreover, concerns over pesticide residues in food (Damalas and Eleftherohorinos, 2011) are also driving the need for safer alternative storage technologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field efficacy of hermetic and other maize grain storage options under smallholder farmer management

et al. 2017

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Household grain storage continues to be of paramount importance in improving food security in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where maize post-harvest losses of 10-20 % are reported. On-farm trials to compare alternative solutions for reducing household maize storage losses were conducted in the 2014/15 and 2015/16 storage seasons in two contrasting agro-ecological zones in the Hwedza district of Zimbabwe. A wide range of treatments including a commercial synthetic pesticide composed of fenitrothion 1 % and deltamethrin 0.13 % 1 , unregistered but commonly used botanical pesticides (Aloe ash, Colophospermum mopane leaves, Eleusine coracana (rapoko) chaff, and Ocimum gratissimum), hermetic storage facilities (metal silos, GrainPro Super Grain Bags (SGB) IVR ™ , Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) bags), and storage bags with deltamethrin incorporated into their fabric, were evaluated. The results demonstrated the superiority of hermetic storage facilities (PICS bags, SGBs, and metal silos) in suppressing insect pest build-up, insect grain damage and weight loss in stored maize grain. A newly introduced synthetic pesticide on the Zimbabwean market which has pirimiphos-methyl 1.6 % and thiamethoxam 0.36 % was also evaluated in the 2015/16 season and was found to be highly effective. The following grain storage technologies: hermetic metal silos, SGB bags, PICS bags, and the pesticide formulation of pirimiphosmethyl 1.6 % and thiamethoxam 0.36 % are therefore recommended for smallholder farmer use to reduce stored grain losses due to insect pests. 1 Mention of a trademark or proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the University of Zimbabwe or Natural Resources Institute and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable.

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Pesticidal Plants for Stored Product Pests on Small-holder Farms in Africa

Cited by 18 publications

References 98 publications

Plants in the Genus Tephrosia: Valuable Resources for Botanical Insecticides

Plants in the Genus Tephrosia: Valuable Resources for Botanical Insecticides

Ecofriendly Synthesis and Insecticidal Application of Copper Nanoparticles against the Storage Pest Tribolium castaneum

Field efficacy of hermetic and other maize grain storage options under smallholder farmer management

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