Pesticide and model drug release from carboxymethylceullose microspheres

Abstract

Water soluble derivatives of cellulose are widely used in various biomedical and biotechnological applications. Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose was insolubilized in the form of microspheres using aluminium chloride as the crosslinking agent. It was observed that, depending on the preparation medium pH, the spherical product could either be a microsphere with an ionotropic interior or a microcapsule. Various microspheres with different crosslinker, biopolymer, and drug (2',7'-dichlorofluorescein and aldicarb) contents were prepared and their structures, properties, swelling behaviour and release kinetics investigated. The release kinetics could not be described by typical Fickian or non-Fickian approaches.

Ethyl cellulose polymer microspheres for controlled release of norfluazon

“…EE was defined as the percentage of the initial pesticide in the reaction medium encapsulated by the microspheres,9, 21 and could be calculated from the expression: …”

“…Strategies that prevent chemical entry into groundwater are more effective and less expensive than subsequently cleaning the water. The use of controlled‐release formulations is increasing its importance in the pesticide field since it has the potential to modify the behaviour of the pesticide in the soil environment 9. 10 Controlled‐release technology, such as microencapsulation, is being used to reduce environmental contamination.…”

Influence of soil components on adsorption–desorption of hazardous organics-development of low cost technology for reclamation of hazardous waste dumpsites

“…This was inferred from the growth of mixed culture systems followed by increase in absorbency at 600 nm during the degradation of target hazardous organics followed by the decrease in absorbency at the respective λ (max) (Figs. [5][6][7][8]. TLC data revealed complete disappear- ance of the target spots after the degradation time indicating mineralisation of the substrate to carbon dioxide and water.…”

“…Contaminants which are sorbed tend to be held against leaching and the higher the adsorption potential for a soil, the lower the risk of ground water contamination [6]. Different sorbent materials are also being proposed for controlled release formulations to minimize the impact of hazardous chemicals released in soils [7,8].…”

Nanocapsulation of herbicide Haloxyfop-R-methyl in poly(methyl methacrylate): phytotoxicological effects of pure herbicide and its nanocapsulated form on duckweed as a model macrophyte

“…The widespread use of herbicides and their continuous discharge into aquatic environments via surface runoff is one of the major causes of environmental contaminations 1,2 This group of contaminants can pose an important threat and stress factor to aquatic environments and endanger human and ecosystem health 3,4 Controlled release technology such as encapsulation can modify an herbicide's behavior and serve as an effective tool to reduce environmental contaminations 5−7 Moreover, encapsulation technology can reduce the total amount of used herbicide and protect the herbicide against environmental degradation and extent of duration of herbicide activity 7−9 According to the literature, many different techniques have been applied for the encapsulation of various herbicides up to now 7,9−12…”