Pesticide applications in agriculture and their effects on birds: An overview

Abstract

Avifauna is one of the successful diverse and evolutionary groups and occurs in the tropics in large numbers as compared to temperate zone. Fluctuation in the diversity of birds provides early warning of environmental problems. The threats to their community structure due to various reasons. Agricultural pesticides have been shown to affect 87 percent of the bird species that are threatened globally. Over the past four decades, many farmland avian species have shown alarming declines in numbers and/or range. Approximately five million plenty of pesticides are used annually in the world, of which about seventieth is used for agriculture causing decline in avian population in the agro-agriculture ecosystem. In this review an attempt has been made to focus on the effects of pesticide applications on birds. The possible health effects of pesticide applications on avifauna has been discussed as well. Chapter contents Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Pesticide use in agriculture …………………………………………………………………………………… Effects of organochlorines (OCs) or chlorinated hydrocarbons on birds ………………………………… Acute toxicity of chlorinated hydrocarbon ………………………………………………………………. Sublethal toxicity of chlorinated hydrocarbon …………………………………………………………... Effects of organophosphates (OPs) and carbamates (CMs) on birds …………………………………….. Acute toxicity of OPs and CMs ……………………………………………………………………………. Sublethal toxicity of OPs and CMs ………………………………………………………………………... Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… References ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Impact of pesticides in the Amazon basin: a multidisciplinary review

“…The main effects of pesticide contamination on birds include the loss of safe habitats, changes in their habits or behaviors, particularly in feeding patterns, and a decline in their population due to reproductive disruptions, which may ultimately lead to local extinction (Arya et al 2019). Conversely, bats that feed on insects are considered more susceptible to pesticides as they are at the top of the food chain (de Oliveira & Aguiar 2015).…”

Impacto de los plaguicidas en la cuenca Amazónica: una revisión multidisciplinaria

“…Los principales efectos de la contaminación por el uso de plaguicidas sobre las aves, es la pérdida de hábitats seguros, cambio en sus hábitos o comportamientos principalmente alimentarios, y disminución en su población por alteraciones en la reproducción, lo que podría conducir a su extinción local (Arya et al 2019). En cambio los murciélagos que se alimentan de insectos son considerados con mayor susceptibilidad a los plaguicidas debido a que se encuentran en la parte superior de la cadena alimenticia (de Oliveira & Aguiar 2015).…”