Pesticide contamination of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) for human consumption

Houbraken, Michael; Spranghers, Thomas; Clercq, Patrick De; Cooreman-Algoed, Margot; Couchement, Tasmien; Clercq, Griet De; Verbeke, Sarah; Spanoghe, Pieter

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.01.097

Cited by 60 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Eighty-one compounds were analyzed by LC-MS/MS (Table 1) following a protocol adapted from Houbraken et al [24]. The equipment consisted of a Waters Acquity UPLC module coupled to a Waters Xevo TQD Tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization (ESI) interface (Waters, Zellik, Belgium).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of 99 Pesticide Residues in Major Agricultural Products from the Western Highlands Zone of Cameroon Using QuEChERS Method Extraction and LC-MS/MS and GC-ECD Analyses

Galani

Houbraken

Wumbei

et al. 2018

Foods

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There is no information available on pesticide residue levels in major food commodities harvested in Cameroon, especially from the western highlands region, the food basket of the country. Hence, this study evaluated the residues of 99 pesticides in 72 samples of 12 agricultural products collected in the region, using QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) method extraction, and analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC-ECD). This method was suitable for detecting the targeted compounds: For 81 pesticides by LC-MS/MS, the limit of quantification (LOQ) was between 0.0004 and 0.0537 mg/kg; and for 18 halogenated pesticides by GC-ECD, it ranged from 0.0012 to 0.2180 mg/kg. The residues of 62 pesticides, including 12 banned compounds, were found in the samples. Insecticides (39.7%) were the most prevalent group, with all the samples containing at least one pesticide. Twenty-one pesticides (34.4%) exceeded their European Union maximum residue limits (MRLs) and 22 pesticides (34.4%) were found in all 6 sampling locations. Malathion and p,p′-DDT were the most distributed pesticides, found in almost all the samples and sampling sites. Food items with the highest rates of positive results were chili pepper (23.2%), white pepper (20.2%), kidney beans (17.3%), and soybeans (17.2%). Samples with residues above their MRLs represented 38% of all the positive analyses; chili pepper (6.4%) and kidney beans (5.5%) were found to have the most residues above their MRLs. The most critical food commodities were kidney beans, soybeans, chili pepper, and maize. This data presents scientific evidence that investigation into continuous monitoring and good regulation of pesticide usage in Cameroon is needed, and paves the way for health risks analysis.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of 99 Pesticide Residues in Major Agricultural Products from the Western Highlands Zone of Cameroon Using QuEChERS Method Extraction and LC-MS/MS and GC-ECD Analyses

Galani

Houbraken

Wumbei

et al. 2018

Foods

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“…From this content, 1 ml of the supernatant was collected into a 10 ml-tube and 9 ml of Milli Q water was added to obtain 10 ml. Finally, the purified extracts were analysed using LC-MSMS and GC-ECD [31]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The contents were then shaken for 1 min and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 5 min to obtain 1 ml of purified extract of the sample. The extracted samples were stored in glass screw caps bottles for LC-MSMS and GC-ECD analyses [31]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental contaminants of honeybee products in Uganda detected using LC-MS/MS and GC-ECD

et al. 2017

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Pollinator services and the development of beekeeping as a poverty alleviating tool have gained considerable focus in recent years in sub-Saharan Africa. An improved understanding of the pervasive environmental extent of agro-chemical contaminants is critical to the success of beekeeping development and the production of clean hive products. This study developed and validated a multi-residue method for screening 36 pesticides in honeybees, honey and beeswax using LC-MS/MS and GC-ECD. Of the 36 screened pesticides, 20 were detected. The highest frequencies occurred in beeswax and in samples from apiaries located in the proximity of citrus and tobacco farms. Fungicides were the most prevalent chemical class. Detected insecticides included neonicotinoids, organophosphates, carbamates, organophosphorus, tetrazines and diacylhydrazines. All detected pesticide levels were below maximum residue limits (according to EU regulations) and the lethal doses known for honeybees. However, future risk assessment is needed to determine the health effects on the African genotype of honeybees by these pesticide classes and combinations of these. In conclusion, our data present a significant challenge to the burgeoning organic honey sector in Uganda, but to achieve this, there is an urgent need to regulate the contact routes of pesticides into the beehive products. Interestingly, the “zero” detection rate of pesticides in the Mid-Northern zone is a significant indicator of the large potential to promote Ugandan organic honey for the export market.

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“…However, contaminated waste streams as feed could promote the accumulation of pesticides, as shown in an experiment in which mealworms were fed on pesticide-contaminated diets for 48 h [81]. A 24-h starvation phase after exposure and before sampling reduced the concentration of pesticides with lower log(K ow ) values (representing their solubility in water and lipids [82]) but pesticides with high log(K ow ) values were excreted less efficiently [81].…”

Section: Pesticides and Toxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable farming of the mealworm Tenebrio molitor for the production of food and feed

Grau

Vilcinskas

Joop

2017

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung C

145

100

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Abstract:The farming of edible insects is an alternative strategy for the production of protein-rich food and feed with a low ecological footprint. The industrial production of insect-derived protein is more cost-effective and energy-efficient than livestock farming or aquaculture. The mealworm Tenebrio molitor is economically among the most important species used for the large-scale conversion of plant biomass into protein. Here, we review the mass rearing of this species and its conversion into food and feed, focusing on challenges such as the contamination of food/feed products with bacteria from the insect gut and the risk of rapidly spreading pathogens and parasites. We propose solutions to prevent the outbreak of infections among farmed insects without reliance on antibiotics. Transgenerational immune priming and probiotic bacteria may provide alternative strategies for sustainable insect farming.

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Pesticide contamination of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) for human consumption

Cited by 60 publications

References 22 publications

Evaluation of 99 Pesticide Residues in Major Agricultural Products from the Western Highlands Zone of Cameroon Using QuEChERS Method Extraction and LC-MS/MS and GC-ECD Analyses

Evaluation of 99 Pesticide Residues in Major Agricultural Products from the Western Highlands Zone of Cameroon Using QuEChERS Method Extraction and LC-MS/MS and GC-ECD Analyses

Environmental contaminants of honeybee products in Uganda detected using LC-MS/MS and GC-ECD

Sustainable farming of the mealworm Tenebrio molitor for the production of food and feed

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