Pesticide exposure pathways among children of agricultural workers

Vida, Patrizia; Moretto, Angelo

doi:10.1007/s10389-007-0127-z

Cited by 18 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Tables 2 and 3 outline a typical framework for the classification of pesticides on the basis of its toxicity level, and degree of hazard control with its user groups. In the perspective, parental pesticide poisoning (clinical studies conducted by the International Agency for Cancer Research) was significantly associated to its anthropogenic carcinogenic, mutagenic and genotoxic nature with the stimulation of congenital malformations, diminished intelligence, genetic syndromes (mostly Turner's syndrome), and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) (or chromosome) damages [24,28,29].…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Detoxification of pesticide waste via activated carbon adsorption process

Foo

Hameed

2010

Journal of Hazardous Materials

250

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Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Detoxification of pesticide waste via activated carbon adsorption process

Foo

Hameed

2010

Journal of Hazardous Materials

250

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“…Humans can be exposed to pesticides and their impurities through direct handling, occupational exposure using pesticides, entry of treated areas, contact with environmental residues and dietary and drinking water intake (Fantke et al 2012;Hamilton and Crossley 2004;Vida and Moretto 2007). Furthermore, the environment is exposed to pesticides primarily by reaching non-target organisms via wind drift, leaching, and runoff (Coats and Yamamoto 2003;Stenersen 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Unintentional formed PCDDs, PCDFs, and DL-PCBs as impurities in Chinese pentachloronitrobenzene products

Huang

Gao

et al. 2014

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) products have been reported to contain relatively high levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) as impurities. No data was available for Chinese PCNB products which are still produced and used in China. Therefore, we analysed Chinese PCNB products, including two raw pesticides and three formulations available on the market. In all samples, PCDDs, PCDFs, and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) were detected at levels exceeding Japanese regulation limits. The concentrations of PCDDs and PCDFs (0.16 to 0.93 ng TEQ g(-1)) were lower than the PCNB formulations measured from the Australian market (3.9 ng TEQ g(-1)). However, the Toxic Equivalent (TEQ) contribution from DL-PCBs (0.7 to 2.5 ng TEQ g(-1)) to total TEQ was higher compared to PCDDs and PCDFs. This discovery demonstrated that it is necessary to consider the DL-PCBs impurity in organochlorine pesticides and other organochlorine chemicals in particular chlorinated aromatic compounds for adequate risk assessment. In addition to DL-PCBs, other unintentionally POPs-hexachlorobenzene (HCB) (3.7 to 52 ng g(-1)) and pentachlorobenzene (PeCBz) (0.04 to 0.3 ng g(-1)) which are listed in the Stockholm Convention-were detected in the PCNB samples. The PCNB production steps were assessed for their unintentional POPs formation potential. Thermolysis of the aromatic compounds using iron chloride (FeCl3) as catalyst is suggested as relevant production step for (DL-)PCBs formation. Since the levels in the formulated PCNB recalculated to active ingredient were higher compared to the raw pesticide, the formulation process (e.g., milling) may also have had an influence on additional PCDD/Fs and PCBs formation.

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“…Humans may be exposed to OP pesticides through a variety of pathways including working on or living in close proximity to a farm that applies OP pesticides, home or industrial use of OP pesticides, inhalation or non-dietary ingestion of OP pesticide-laden dust, and consumption of produce containing OP pesticide residues (Curwin et al, 2005, 2007; Lu et al, 2004, 2008; Muñoz-Quezada et al, 2012; Naeher et al, 2010; Rodríguez et al, 2006; Valcke et al, 2006; Vida and Moretto, 2007). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurodevelopmental effects in children associated with exposure to organophosphate pesticides: A systematic review

et al. 2013

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Many studies have investigated the neurodevelopmental effects of prenatal and early childhood exposures to organophosphate (OP) pesticides among children, but they have not been collectively evaluated. The aim of the present article is to synthesize reported evidence over the last decade on OP exposure and neurodevelopmental effects in children. The Data Sources were PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, SciVerse Scopus, SpringerLink, SciELO and DOAJ. The eligibility criteria considered were studies assessing exposure to OP pesticides and neurodevelopmental effects in children from birth to 18 years of age, published between 2002 and 2012 in English or Spanish. Twenty-seven articles met the eligibility criteria. Studies were rated for evidential consideration as high, intermediate, or low based upon the study design, number of participants, exposure measurement, and neurodevelopmental measures. All but one of the 27 studies evaluated showed some negative effects of pesticides on neurobehavioral development. A positive dose–response relationship between OP exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes was found in all but one of the 12 studies that assessed dose–response. In the ten longitudinal studies that assessed prenatal exposure to OPs, cognitive deficits (related to working memory) were found in children at age 7 years, behavioral deficits (related to attention) seen mainly in toddlers, and motor deficits (abnormal reflexes) seen mainly in neonates. No meta-analysis was possible due to different measurements of exposure assessment and outcomes. Eleven studies (all longitudinal) were rated high, 14 studies were rated intermediate, and two studies were rated low. Evidence of neurological deficits associated with exposure to OP pesticides in children is growing. The studies reviewed collectively support the hypothesis that exposure to OP pesticides induces neurotoxic effects. Further research is needed to understand effects associated with exposure in critical windows of development.

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Pesticide exposure pathways among children of agricultural workers

Abstract: Aim The focus of this review is to highlight the evidence of the take-home pathway as an additional and substantial route of exposure for children of farm workers. Possible exposure of older children during farm work is not discussed.

Cited by 18 publications

References 22 publications

Detoxification of pesticide waste via activated carbon adsorption process

Detoxification of pesticide waste via activated carbon adsorption process

Unintentional formed PCDDs, PCDFs, and DL-PCBs as impurities in Chinese pentachloronitrobenzene products

Neurodevelopmental effects in children associated with exposure to organophosphate pesticides: A systematic review

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