Pesticide exposures and multiple myeloma in Iowa men

Brown, Linda Morris; Burmeister, Leon F.; Everett, G.; Blair, Aaron

doi:10.1007/bf00053156

Cited by 79 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Findings from studies evaluating risk of multiple myeloma and exposure to pesticides as a general category, including findings among persons who reported ever using pesticides or among licensed pesticide applicators, have been inconsistent, as some studies reported positive associations, 71,84,87,112,115,117,109 while others reported inverse associations. 79,84,87,106,110,111,115,118,121 The inconsistent results across studies remain when specific classes of pesticides or chemical exposures are evaluated. 43,79,97,104,115,120 Furthermore, there is no evidence of a significant exposureresponse relationship, based on intensity and/or duration of pesticide use.…”

Section: Pesticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…79,84,87,106,110,111,115,118,121 The inconsistent results across studies remain when specific classes of pesticides or chemical exposures are evaluated. 43,79,97,104,115,120 Furthermore, there is no evidence of a significant exposureresponse relationship, based on intensity and/or duration of pesticide use. 43,71,79,84,89,97,111,120 Recent reports that evaluated atrazine (n 5 36,513 applicators), alachlor (n 5 26,510 applicators), chlorpyrifos (n 5 54,383 applicators) and glyphosate (n 5 57,311 applicators) exposure in the large US Agricultural Health Study cohort did not report significant overall associations with multiple myeloma, or significant exposure-response gradients based on lifetime or intensity-weighted days of exposure.…”

Section: Pesticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple myeloma: A review of the epidemiologic literature

et al. 2007

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Multiple myeloma, a neoplasm of plasma cells, accounts for 15% of lymphatohematopoietic cancers (LHC) and 2% of all cancers in the US. Incidence rates increase with age, particularly after age 40, and are higher in men, particularly African American men. The etiology is unknown with no established lifestyle, occupational or environmental risk factors. Although several factors have been implicated as potentially etiologic, findings are inconsistent. We reviewed epidemiologic studies that evaluated lifestyle, dietary, occupational and environmental factors; immune function, family history and genetic factors; and the hypothesized precursor, monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance (MGUS). Because multiple myeloma is an uncommon disease, etiologic assessments can be difficult because of small numbers of cases in occupational cohort studies, and few subjects reporting exposure to specific agents in case-control studies. Elevated risks have been reported consistently among persons with a positive family history of LHC. A few studies have reported a relationship between obesity and multiple myeloma, and this may be a promising area of research. Factors underlying higher incidence rates of multiple myeloma in African Americans are not understood. The progression from MGUS to multiple myeloma has been reported in several studies; however, there are no established risk factors for MGUS. To improve our understanding of the causes of multiple myeloma, future research efforts should seek the causes of MGUS. More research is also needed on the genetic factors of multiple myeloma, given the strong familial clustering of the disease. ' 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: multiple myeloma; epidemiology Multiple myeloma is a malignancy of plasma cells that results in an overproduction of light and heavy chain monoclonal immunoglobulins. The specific immunoglobulin secreted by the malignant cell is the M-protein, named in reference to its monoclonal characteristics. It is found in the serum and/or urine of persons affected with multiple myeloma.

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Section: Pesticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pesticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple myeloma: A review of the epidemiologic literature

et al. 2007

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“…Since then, the results of new epidemiologic investigations have become available. An increased risk for pancreatic cancer after self-reported exposure to DDT (27,28) and significant excess incidences of liver cancer and multiple myeloma were reported after occupational exposure to DDT (29,30). The association with an increased risk for pancreatic cancer was not confirmed in a subsequent study, but the conditions of exposure were not comparable (31).…”

Section: Epidemiologic Evidence Of Carcinogenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT): ubiquity, persistence, and risks.

Turusov

Rakitsky²,

Tomatis³

2002

Environ Health Perspect

548

232

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Due to uncontrolled use for several decades, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), probably the best known and most useful insecticide in the world, has damaged wildlife and might have negative effects on human health. This review gives a brief history of the use of DDT in various countries and presents the results of epidemiologic and experimental studies of carcinogenesis. Even though its use has been prohibited in most countries for ecologic considerations, mainly because of its negative impact on wildlife, it is still used in some developing countries for essential public health purposes, and it is still produced for export in at least three countries. Due to its stability and its capacity to accumulate in adipose tissue, it is found in human tissues, and there is now not a single living organism on the planet that does not contain DDT. The possible contribution of DDT to increasing the risks for cancers at various sites and its possible role as an endocrine disruptor deserve further investigation. Although there is convincing experimental evidence for the carcinogenicity of DDT and of its main metabolites DDE and DDD, epidemiologic studies have provided contrasting or inconclusive, although prevailingly negative, results. The presence and persistence of DDT and its metabolites worldwide are still problems of great relevance to public health. Efficient pesticides that do not have the negative properties of DDT, together with the development of alternative methods to fight malaria, should be sought with the goal of completely banning DDT.

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“…Employment in farm-related occupations has consistently been suggested as a risk factor for myeloma (6,8,(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21) (5). Although the specific exposures responsible for the association between myeloma and farming are not known, suspected agents are pesticides (21,22), engine exhaust (23,24), grain dust (25), and animal viruses (15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies were based on an analysis by occupational title, although a few studies evaluated the use of specific pesticides (6,8). In this paper, we have utilized data from a large population-based case-control study of multiple myeloma among blacks and whites in the United States (US) to investigate the role Occupation, pesticide exposure and risk of multiple myeloma of occupation, including history of living on a farm, and to further explore a possible association with pesticide exposure (ie, the broad classes of insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides), using a job-exposure matrix.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%