Pesticide Impacts on the Environment and Humans

Zaller, Johann G.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-50530-1_2

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 177 publications

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“…5 Insect pollinators suffer from habitat fragmentation, reduction in flower resources and lack of nesting space, as well as from exposure to pesticides from agricultural activities. [6][7][8] Despite their long-known negative effects on human and environmental health, 9,10 pesticides are widely used both in industrial-scale farming and urban green areas and their application has even increased with agricultural intensification in recent decades. 11 Indeed, the spillover of chemical insecticide residues from farmland can negatively affect wild insect pollinators in adjacent natural and semi-natural areas 12,13 causing direct mortality, behavioural abnormalities and reduced reproduction rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant growers' environmental consciousness may not be enough to mitigate pollinator declines: a questionnaire‐based case study in Hungary

Varga-Szilay

Pozsgai

2022

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND Pesticides are one of the most important anthropogenic‐related stressors. In times of global pollinator decline, the role of integrated farming and urban gardens in supporting wild pollinators is becoming increasingly important. We circulated an online questionnaire to survey plant protection practices among Hungarian farmers and garden owners with a particular emphasis on pollinator protection. RESULTS We found that plant growers rely heavily on pesticide use, and pesticides are used widely in otherwise pollinator‐friendly gardens. Whether pesticide use practices were driven by expert opinion and respondent gender were the best predictors of pesticide use. Although most respondents supported pollinators, pesticides are also used widely among home garden owners, which can pose a non‐evident ecological trap for pollinator populations in the gardens. CONCLUSION Special attention should be paid to implementing measures to reduce pesticide use not only in farmland, but also in home gardens. Environmental education and financial support through agroecological schemes could efficiently promote the transition away from pesticide use. However, whereas farmers can be encouraged to reduce pesticide use mostly by expert advice, garden owners are likely to rely on more conventional information channels. The attitudes of Hungarian plant growers can provide an insight into pesticide use practices of Central and Eastern European countries, but similar surveys are needed across Europe for a complete understanding of broad‐scale processes. This work lays the foundations for similar studies that can inform and facilitate the transformation to pesticide‐free farming and gardening. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant growers' environmental consciousness may not be enough to mitigate pollinator declines: a questionnaire‐based case study in Hungary

Varga-Szilay

Pozsgai

2022

Pest Management Science

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“…In the past few years, the attempts increased to reduce these fungicide applications to minimize harmful and environmental side effects. Moreover, those applications are very costly and time-consuming and result in emissions of gas and soil compaction during application by a tractor [ 9 ]. Fungus-resistant varieties may need less plant protection than conventional varieties, but presently, there is no 100% fungus-resistant variety admitted for wine-making.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…VitiMeteo uses data collected from field weather stations and aggregates this information in the AgroMeteo database. Based on the weather station data, the model calculates and predicts the potential infection risk with sporulation and incubation times for specific viticultural regions [ 9 ]. Several studies [ 6 , 10 , 11 ] showed that the prediction of the model is relevant to practice and is highly correlated to real occurrences of infection with accuracy increasing annually.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Aspects of In Situ Measurements for Downy Mildew Forecasting

Kleb

Merkt

Zörb

2022

Plants

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Downy mildew is, globally, one of the most significant diseases in viticulture. Control of this pathogen is achieved through fungicide application. However, due to restrictions (from upcoming regulations) and growing environmental conscientiousness, it is critical to continuously enhance forecasting models to reduce fungicide application. Infection potential has traditionally been based on a 50 h–degree calculation (temperature multiplied by leaf wetness duration) measured by weather stations; the main climatic parameters for forecast modelling are temperature, relative humidity, and leaf wetness. This study took these parameters measured by a weather station and compared them with the same parameters measured inside a grape canopy. The study showed that the temperature readings by the weather station compared to inside the canopy recorded differences during the day but not at night; the relative humidity showed significant differences during both daytime and night; leaf wetness showed the highest differences and was statistically significant during both daytime and night. In conclusion, the measurement differences between inside of the canopy and at the weather station have significant impacts on the precision of forecasting models. Thus, using data from inside of a canopy for the prediction should lead to even less fungicide applications.

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“…Often, this is achieved by consistently using larvicidal pesticides, particularly insect growth inhibitors and organophosphates ( Rao et al, 2021 ). The frequent application of these chemical sprays has negative effects on populations that are not the intended target and may even cause resistance strain breakout ( Zaller and Zaller, 2020 ). New, safer, and more efficient methods are required to control mosquito larvae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mushroom tyrosinase enzyme catalysis: synthesis of larvicidal active geranylacetone derivatives against Culex quinquesfasciatus and molecular docking studies

Mullaivendhan,

Ahamed,

Arif

et al. 2024

Front. Chem.

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The grindstone process, which uses tyrosinase as a catalyst, was used to create analogues of geranylacetone. Tyrosinase was used to prepare the Mannich base under favourable reaction conditions, resulting in a high yield. All synthesized compounds were characterized using FTIR, Nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectral analyses. The active geranylacetone derivatives (1a-l) were investigated for larvicidal activity against Culex quinquefasciatus; compound 1b (LD50:20.7 μg/mL) was noticeably more effective than geranylacetone (LD50: >100 μg/mL) and permethrin (LD50: 24.4 μg/mL) lead compounds because of their ability to kill larvae and use them as pesticides. All compounds (1a-1l) were found to be low toxic, whereas compounds 1b, 1d, and 1k were screened for antifeedant screening of non -aquatic target for the toxicity measurement against marine fish Oreochromis mossambicus at 100 μg/mL caused 0% mortality in within 24 h. Molecular docking studies of synthesised compound 1b and permethrin docked with 3OGN, compound 1b demonstrated a greater binding affinity (−9.6 kcal/mol) compared to permethrin (−10.5 kcal/mol). According to these results, the newly synthesised geranylacetone derivatives can serve as lead molecules of larvicides agents.

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Pesticide Impacts on the Environment and Humans

Cited by 15 publications

References 177 publications

Plant growers' environmental consciousness may not be enough to mitigate pollinator declines: a questionnaire‐based case study in Hungary

Plant growers' environmental consciousness may not be enough to mitigate pollinator declines: a questionnaire‐based case study in Hungary

New Aspects of In Situ Measurements for Downy Mildew Forecasting

Mushroom tyrosinase enzyme catalysis: synthesis of larvicidal active geranylacetone derivatives against Culex quinquesfasciatus and molecular docking studies

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