Pesticide mixtures in streams of several European countries and the USA

Schreiner, Verena C.; Szöcs, Eduard; Bhowmik, Avit Kumar; Vijver, Martina G.; Schäfer, Ralf B.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.163

Cited by 174 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The maximum concentration levels of pesticide mixtures in El Crespo stream were detected at site 1 during spring 2014 ( Figure 3) after a heavy rainfall event ( Table 2). Several studies have shown that herbicides are the predominant compounds in the mixtures of pesticides that are present in surface water [15,17], as also observed in the present study. In the present study, glyphosate was the main pesticide residue present in surface water samples (Table 4).…”

Section: Spatial and Temporal Trends Of Pesticide Mixtures In Surfacesupporting

confidence: 90%

Spatial and temporal trends and flow dynamics of glyphosate and other pesticides within an agricultural watershed in Argentina

Pérez

Okada

Gerónimo

et al. 2017

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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In the present study, we evaluated the spatial and temporal trends of current-use pesticides in surface water and sediments as well as their relationship with hydrological stream dynamics within the agricultural watershed of El Crespo stream (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina). We sampled 2 contrasting sites: site 1 (upstream), surrounded by agricultural lands, and site 2 (downstream), surrounded by natural grasslands. Most of the applied pesticides (glyphosate, 2,4-D, atrazine, tebuconazole, and imidacloprid) were detected at high frequencies in surface water samples at both sites. However, only glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) were present at high concentrations and had a significant spatial-temporal trend. The highest concentrations were found during spring 2014 at site 1, in association with the intense rains that occurred in that season. The fact that glyphosate and AMPA concentrations were higher than the rest of the studied compounds is closely related to the land use within the watershed, as glyphosate was the most applied herbicide during the fallow period of glyphosate-resistant crops (soybean, maize). The pesticide mixture had a significant spatial-temporal trend, reaching the highest levels during storm flow events in spring 2014. The intensive rains in spring 2014 could be the main factor influencing stream hydrology and pesticide behavior at El Crespo watershed. The estimated annual pesticide losses were 3.11 g/ha at site 1 and 0.72 g/ha at site 2. This result indicates that an attenuation process could be decreasing pesticide loads during downstream transport from site 1 to site 2. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:3206-3216. © 2017 SETAC.

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Section: Spatial and Temporal Trends Of Pesticide Mixtures In Surfacesupporting

confidence: 90%

Spatial and temporal trends and flow dynamics of glyphosate and other pesticides within an agricultural watershed in Argentina

Pérez

Okada

Gerónimo

et al. 2017

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…It should be noted that ecological interactions related to combined exposures to multiple chemicals probably occur when there are direct effects of the chemicals such as mortality or effects on reproduction. In the ecological area, KEMI, (2015), van Broekhuizen et al (2016) and Schreiner et al (2016) proposed uncertainty factors of 5-17 to cover the large majority of potential co-exposures, as analyses of environmental data suggested that combined toxicity encountered in the environment is generally dominated by a limited number of chemicals (KEMI, 2015;van Broekhuizen et al, 2016;Schreiner et al, 2016).…”

Section: Scientific Basismentioning

confidence: 99%

Guidance on harmonised methodologies for human health, animal health and ecological risk assessment of combined exposure to multiple chemicals

More¹,

Bampidis²,

Benford³

et al. 2019

EFS2

270

348

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This Guidance document describes harmonised risk assessment methodologies for combined exposure to multiple chemicals for all relevant areas within EFSA's remit, i.e. human health, animal health and ecological areas. First, a short review of the key terms, scientific basis for combined exposure risk assessment and approaches to assessing (eco)toxicology is given, including existing frameworks for these risk assessments. This background was evaluated, resulting in a harmonised framework for risk assessment of combined exposure to multiple chemicals. The framework is based on the risk assessment steps (problem formulation, exposure assessment, hazard identification and characterisation, and risk characterisation including uncertainty analysis), with tiered and stepwise approaches for both whole mixture approaches and component‐based approaches. Specific considerations are given to component‐based approaches including the grouping of chemicals into common assessment groups, the use of dose addition as a default assumption, approaches to integrate evidence of interactions and the refinement of assessment groups. Case studies are annexed in this guidance document to explore the feasibility and spectrum of applications of the proposed methods and approaches for human and animal health and ecological risk assessment. The Scientific Committee considers that this Guidance is fit for purpose for risk assessments of combined exposure to multiple chemicals and should be applied in all relevant areas of EFSA's work. Future work and research are recommended.

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“…Additionally, MCPA is often sold in a mixture with other pesticides (see Table S1; Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine [DAFM], 2017; Health and Safety Executive [HSE], 2017) and is likely to mix with other pesticides if it runs off into waterbodies or percolates through to groundwater. There is a paucity of data on toxicity effects of pesticide mixtures to any organisms (McKnight, Rasmussen, Kronvang, Binning, & Bjerg, 2015) although this is an increasing field of research (e.g., Gustavsson, Kreuger, Bundschuh, & Backhaus, 2017;Schreiner et al, 2016;Spycher et al, 2018).…”

Section: Eco-and Human Toxicologymentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the pesticide MCPA in the land‐water environment and emerging research needs

et al. 2019

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Due to its high solubility and poor adsorption to the soil matrix, the post‐emergence herbicide 2‐methyl‐4‐chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) is susceptible to transport into surface and groundwater bodies, where it can result in compromised water quality and breaches of legislative standards. However, there is still poor understanding of catchment scale dynamics and transport, particularly across heterogeneous hydrogeological settings. While it is known that MCPA degrades under aerobic conditions, negligible breakdown can occur in anaerobic environments, potentially creating a legacy in saturated soils. Fast runoff pathways post application are likely transport routes, but the relative contribution from the mobilization of legacy MCPA from anaerobic zones has yet to be quantified, making the delineation of MCPA sources encountered during monitoring programs challenging. While ecotoxicological effects have been examined, little is known about the interaction of MCPA (and its degradation products) with other pesticides, with nutrients or with colloids, and how this combines with environmental conditions to contribute to multiple stressor effects. We examine the state of MCPA knowledge, using case study examples from Ireland, and consider the implications of its widespread detection in waterbodies and drinking water supplies. Research themes required to ensure the sustainable and safe use of MCPA in an evolving agricultural, social and political landscape are identified here. These include the need to identify mitigation measures and/or alternative treatments, to gain insights into the conditions governing mobilization and attenuation, to map pathways of migration and to identify direct, synergistic and antagonistic ecotoxicological effects. This article is categorized under: Water and Life > Stresses and Pressures on Ecosystems Science of Water > Water Quality

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Pesticide mixtures in streams of several European countries and the USA

Cited by 174 publications

References 47 publications

Spatial and temporal trends and flow dynamics of glyphosate and other pesticides within an agricultural watershed in Argentina

Spatial and temporal trends and flow dynamics of glyphosate and other pesticides within an agricultural watershed in Argentina

Guidance on harmonised methodologies for human health, animal health and ecological risk assessment of combined exposure to multiple chemicals

A review of the pesticide MCPA in the land‐water environment and emerging research needs

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