Pesticide residues in bayberry (Myrica rubra) and probabilistic risk assessment for consumers in Zhejiang, China

Abstract

As pesticide residues in bayberry has raised serious concern from the public in China, a monitoring survey was carried out during 2013-2014 and 157 samples were analyzed in total. 23 pesticides were detected among the 44 pesticides analyzed and at least one pesticide was detected in 63% of 99 samples. Whereas 45.6% of samples were found with two or more pesticide residues, and 23.6% of samples with four or more pesticide residues. Probabilistic risk assessments indicated that estimated daily intake (EDI) of cyhalothrin at P97.5 th was 1.11 of acceptable daily intake (ADI) for children, the estimated short-term intake (ESTI) at P97.5 th is 1.9 and 1.78 of acute reference dose (ARfD) for adult and children, respectively, indicating the potential risk concern from pyrethroids. EDI of the pesticides with anti-androgenic effects ranged from 0.15-2.46 of ADI, the probability of exposure exceeding the ADI was 7.1 and 31.1% for adults and children, respectively, the probability of exposure of pyrethroids exceeding the ADI was 3.8% for children. Exposures for other pesticides and groups were below 1.0. In consideration of the co-occurrence of frequency of cyhalothrin and cypermethrin was 9.55% and the combinations of pesticides detected with anti-androgenic effects has not been found in the present monitoring, the results indicate that the pesticide residues in bayberry will not constitute serious public health risk, however, they are significant for the management of pesticide use on bayberry and dietary health risk in China.

Risk Evaluation of Pesticide Residue in Strawberries

“…(1) Risk Assessment Methods for Chronic Dietary Intake [5] NEDI = 𝑆𝑇𝑀𝑅×𝐹 𝑚 (1) In the formula, NEDI is national estimated daily intake, μg/kg mb, STMR is the median residue of strawberry in standard experiment, mg/kg, taking the average residue value of this experiment; F is strawberry consumption (g/d); m is standard body weight of different populations, kg.…”