Pesticide residues in cashew apple, guava, kaki and peach: GC–μECD, GC–FPD and LC–MS/MS multiresidue method validation, analysis and cumulative acute risk assessment

Abstract

A multiresidue method for the determination of 46 pesticides in fruits was validated. Samples were extracted with acidified ethyl acetate, MgSO4 and CH3COONa and cleaned up by dispersive SPE with PSA. The compounds were analysed by GC-FPD, GC-μECD or LC-MS/MS, with LOQs from 1 to 8 μg/kg. The method was used to analyse 238 kaki, cashew apple, guava, and peach fruit and pulp samples, which were also analysed for dithiocarbamates (DTCs) using a spectrophotometric method. Over 70% of the samples were positive, with DTC present in 46.5%, λ-cyhalothrin in 37.1%, and omethoate in 21.8% of the positive samples. GC-MS/MS confirmed the identities of the compounds detected by GC. None of the pesticides found in kaki, cashew apple and guava was authorised for these crops in Brazil. The risk assessment has shown that the cumulative acute intake of organophosphorus or pyrethroid compounds from the consumption of these fruits is unlikely to pose a health risk to consumers.

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“…Environmental, occupational, and food exposure to pesticides have been associated with health risk . There is a huge body of evidence on the relation between exposure to pesticides and elevated rate of chronic diseases such as cancers, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson, Alzheimer, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) .…”

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“…This is because of the extensive use of pesticides in agriculture. While pesticide use usually increases agricultural productivity, accumulated pesticide residues in treated plants present possible health risks to consumers [1]. Toxicity and human health risk associated with pesticide contamination in foods have made it necessary to limit pesticide residues in our foods [2].…”

Innovative approach for the electrochemical detection of non-electroactive organophosphorus pesticides using oxime as electroactive probe

“…Therefore, accurate and sensitive detection methods are in urgent demand for the screening of OPs residues. Conventional analytical methods for OPs detection such as gas chromatography, mass spectroscopy, liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC/MS) or gas chromatography (GC/MS) [3][4][5] are still considered to be the most reliable techniques owing to their high selectivity and adequate sensitivity. However, these laboratory-based chromatographic analytical techniques are underdetermined by their disadvantages of time-consuming, complicated sample pretreatment, requirements for sophisticated instrument and skilled professional, which limits their applications for on-site detection in most settings, especially in emergency cases.…”