Pesticide residues in medicinal plants and phytomedicines

Zuin, Vânia Gomes; Vilegas, Janete Harumi Yariwake

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1573(200003)14:2<73::aid-ptr577>3.0.co;2-#

Cited by 65 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Synthetic pyrethroids and organophospates (OPs) insecticides were then introduced as replacements, being most of them currently commercially available in several countries. The occurrence of pesticides residues in phytopharmaceuticals and phytomedicines reviewed by Zuin and Vilegas (2000) state evidence that most reports were focused on the detection of OCs and OPs. On the other hand scarce reports have deal with the monitoring of other insecticide families such as carbamates and bridged diphenyls; triazine and urea herbicides; phtalamides and benzimidazole fungicides; a trend which is slowly overcome nowadays.…”

Section: Pesticide Residues Occurrence In Natural Products Of Economimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A valuable indicator of the advances in residue analysis scenario for natural products, can be found in the pesticide determination in medicinal plants reviewed by Zuin & Vilegas (2000) years ago and the current situation with the latest improvements concerning miniaturized sample preparation (Zhou et al, 2011) and hyphenated MS techniques .…”

Section: Sample Preparation: Extraction and Clean-up Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Pesticide Residues in Natural Products with Pharmaceutical Use: Occurrence, Analytical Advances and Perspectives

Pérez-Parada¹,

Colazzo²,

Besil³

et al. 2011

Pesticides in the Modern World - Trends in Pesticides Analysis

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Section: Pesticide Residues Occurrence In Natural Products Of Economimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sample Preparation: Extraction and Clean-up Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide Residues in Natural Products with Pharmaceutical Use: Occurrence, Analytical Advances and Perspectives

Pérez-Parada¹,

Colazzo²,

Besil³

et al. 2011

Pesticides in the Modern World - Trends in Pesticides Analysis

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“…Nevertheless, the fact that they are not included in the Pharmacopoeia does not mean that they should be tolerated. 3 Even though there have been several papers published related to the presence of OCP in medicinal plants, there are only a few reports on the occurrence of OCP in medicinal plants harvested in Brazil. 20 Therefore, the objective of the present work was the optimization and validation of a simplified method employing SLE and capillary GC-MS for the determination of hexachlorobenzene, lindane, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, DDT and DDE ( Figure 1) and the application of this methodology for quantifying OCP in Mikania laevigata, Maytenus ilicifolia and Cordia verbenacea, medicinal plants extensively commercialized in Brazil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even though they have been banned in most countries (in Brazil since 1985), due to their high persistence in the environment, their residues are still found in many matrices, including medicinal plants. 3 Several analytical methods for the determination of pesticides in different matrices, like foodstuffs, water and soils, are reported in the literature, where chromatographic methods are the most widely applied. [4][5][6][7] Although highly efficient chromatographic methods have been developed, it is not possible to establish a single analytical method for multiresidue analysis because of the large number of pesticides available, the low level of contamination and the diversity of matrix composition.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

GC-MS determination of organochlorine pesticides in medicinal plants harvested in Brazil

Rodrigues¹,

Reyes²,

Magalhães³

et al. 2007

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Neste trabalho foi desenvolvido um método para a determinação de hexaclorobenzeno, lindano, heptaclor, heptaclor epóxido, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, DDT e DDE em folhas de Mikania laevigata, Maytenus ilicifolia e Cordia verbenacea, empregando a Cromatografia Gasosa acoplada a Espectrometria de Massas (GC-MS). A extração dos pesticidas foi realizada por extração sólido-líquido (SLE), seguida de limpeza por extração em fase sólida (Florisil e silica-gel). A quantificação foi realizada usando o GC-MS no modo SIM. A recuperação média variou de 70 a 124%. A precisão inter-ensaio de uma amostra fortificada com 200 ng g -1 de cada pesticida variou de 1,0 a 7,3%. Os limites de quantificação variaram de 3,0 a 30 ng g -1 e estão abaixo dos limites máximos de resíduos (MLR) estabelecidos para os pesticidas sob estudo. O método foi empregado para analisar amostras de Mikania laevigata, Maytenus ilicifolia e Cordia verbenacea de um campo experimental de Paulínia, SP, Brasil. As amostras apresentaram contaminação com dieldrin acima do MRL estabelecido pela Farmacopéia Européia (50 ng g -1 ).A method using Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) for the determination of hexachlorobenzene, lindane, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, 4,4'-DDT and 4,4'-DDE in leaves of Mikania laevigata, Maytenus ilicifolia and Cordia verbenacea was developed. Extraction of the pesticides was carried out by solid-liquid extraction (SLE), followed by clean-up in solid phase mixed cartridge (Florisil and silica-gel). Quantification was performed using GC-MS in the selected ion monitoring mode. Mean recovery rates of 70 to 124% were obtained. The inter-assay precision of a sample fortified with 200 ng g -1 of each pesticide was in the range of 1.0 to 7.3%. The quantitation limits ranged from 3.0 to 30 ng g -1 and were below the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) for all the pesticides under study. The method was employed to analyze samples of Mikania laevigata, Maytenus ilicifolia and Cordia verbenacea from an experimental field in Paulínia, SP, Brazil. The samples presented contamination with dieldrin above the MRL established by the European Pharmacopoeia (50 ng g -1 ). Keywords: organochlorine pesticides, medicinal plants, GC-MS, Mikania laevigata, Maytenus ilicifolia, Cordia verbenacea IntroductionMedicinal plants or their derived material, have been widely employed in all cultures, throughout history, for the prevention and treatment of diseases. The significant increase in the use of herbal medicines in recent decades may be attributed to popular wisdom, the costs of synthetic drugs and the resurgence of interest in the development of new drugs and the re-establishment of old ones from plant sources.Nowadays, for the widespread acceptance of herbal medicines, standardization and quality control of the herbal materials, as well as evaluation of efficacy, safety and quality of the phytopharmaceutical, are indispensable. The lack of quality control in the preparation of medicinal herbs, in addition to their unregula...

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“…[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] The literature describes chromatographic methods for the determination of pesticide residues in medicinal plants using classical sorbent material such as C 18 -bonded silica. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] During recent years, research on new materials for extraction, purification and separation processes of organic compounds in a wide polarity range has also been proposed by the growing interest for environmental preservation and human health protection. 25 Our group have been interested in these materials because they can tailored to selective sorption profile based on hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties, shape and size of pores.…”

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confidence: 99%

Tropical peat as a versatile material for solid-phase extraction of pesticides from medicinal plant Cordia salicifolia

Carvalho¹,

Jesus²,

Prata³

et al. 2010

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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A turfa natural foi testada na extração em fase sólida de acefato, clorprofam, pirimicarbe, bifentrina, tetradifona e fosalona da planta medicinal Cordia salicifolia, utilizando cromatografia a gás acoplada a espectrometria de massas no modo de monitoramento de íons selecionados. Considerando que a legislação brasileira não estabelece limites máximos de resíduos para plantas medicinais, a recuperação foi avaliada em dois níveis de concentração (0,5 e 1,0 mg kg -1 ), resultando em valores de recuperação entre 64% e 118%, com coeficientes de variação entre 5,6% e 26,4% para a turfa. Os limites de detecção variaram entre 0,10 e 0,15 mg kg -1 , enquanto que os limites de quantificação, entre 0,15 e 0,25 mg kg -1 para os pesticidas estudados. O método desenvolvido foi linear no intervalo de 0,1 a 5,0 µg g -1 , com coeficientes de correlação entre 0,9975 e 0,9986. A comparação entre a turfa natural e o sorbente convencional (alumina neutra) apresentou desempenho similar da turfa na recuperação dos seis pesticidas.Natural peat was tested for solid-phase extraction of acephate, chlorpropham, pirimicarb, bifenthrin, tetradifon and phosalone from the medicinal plant Cordia salicifolia, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring (GC/MS, SIM). Considering that there are no Brazilian regulations concerning maximum permissible pesticide residue concentrations in medicinal herbs, recovery experiments were carried out (three replicates) at two arbitrary fortification levels (0.5 and 1.0 mg kg -1 ), resulting in recoveries ranging from 64% to 118% and relative standard deviations between 5.6% and 26.4% for peat sorbent. Detection and quantification limits for herb ranged from 0.10 to 0.15 mg kg -1 and from 0.15 to 0.25 mg kg -1 , respectively, for the different pesticides studied. The developed method was linear over the range assayed, 0.1-5.0 µg g -1 , with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9975 to 0.9986 for all pesticides. Comparison between natural peat and conventional sorbent (neutral alumina) showed similar performance of peat for the six pesticides tested.Keywords: peat, pesticides, medicinal herb, matrix solid phase dispersion, gas chromatographymass spectrometry IntroductionMedicinal plants are consumed worldwide for treatment of disease and are important raw material for pharmaceutical industry production for phytopharmaceuticals. The significant increase in the use of medicinal herbs in recent decades may be attributed to popular knowledge, the cost of synthetic drugs and the resurgence of interest in the development of new drugs. World Health Organization report indicated that about 70-80% of the world population rely on non-conventional medicines mainly of herbal sources in their primary health care. 1 Traditionally herbs and herbal products have been considered to be gentle, nontoxic and even harmless mainly because of their "natural" origin. 1-3 Cordia salicifolia Cham (Boraginaceae family syn. Cordia ecalyculata Vell.) also known by several common names such as "porangaba", "ch...

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Pesticide residues in medicinal plants and phytomedicines

Cited by 65 publications

References 86 publications

Pesticide Residues in Natural Products with Pharmaceutical Use: Occurrence, Analytical Advances and Perspectives

Pesticide Residues in Natural Products with Pharmaceutical Use: Occurrence, Analytical Advances and Perspectives

GC-MS determination of organochlorine pesticides in medicinal plants harvested in Brazil

Tropical peat as a versatile material for solid-phase extraction of pesticides from medicinal plant Cordia salicifolia

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