Pesticide Residues in Soil and Water

Edwards, C. A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-8942-6_12

Cited by 40 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 156 publications

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“…Our study sites were on well-drained Elsinboro loam, in a humid, temperate semi-continental climate (Kirby et al 1967). The insecticides would have been less persistent if they had been applied to wetter, warmer, or cultivated soils (Edwards 1973) and they would have been more persistent if applied to soils (Edwards 1973) containing more than the 3-5 % organic matter we measured in 1977 (Beyer and Gish 1980) and the 4-6% organic matter in 2011.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Persistence and Changes in Bioavailability of Dieldrin, DDE, and Heptachlor Epoxide in Earthworms Over 45 Years

Beyer

Gale

2012

AMBIO

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The finding of dieldrin (88 ng/g), DDE (52 ng/g), and heptachlor epoxide (19 ng/g) in earthworms from experimental plots after a single moderate application (9 kg/ha) 45 years earlier attests to the remarkable persistence of these compounds in soil and their continued uptake by soil organisms. Half-lives (with 95 % confidence intervals) in earthworms, estimated from exponential decay equations, were as follows: dieldrin 4.9 (4.3-5.7) years, DDE 5.3 (4.7-6.1) years, and heptachlor epoxide 4.3 (3.8-4.9) years. These half-lives were not significantly different from those estimated after 20 years. Concentration factors (dry weight earthworm tissue/dry weight soil) were initially high and decreased mainly during the first 11 years after application. By the end of the study, average concentration factors were 1.5 (dieldrin), 4.0 (DDE), and 1.8 (heptachlor epoxide), respectively.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Persistence and Changes in Bioavailability of Dieldrin, DDE, and Heptachlor Epoxide in Earthworms Over 45 Years

Beyer

Gale

2012

AMBIO

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“…Soil texture also greatly affects the adsorption of pesticides. It was reported that aldrin and lindane were adsorbed least in sand, and by increasing amounts in silty clay loam, light sandy clay loam, coarse silt, silty clay, sandy loam, clay loam and muck (Edwards, 1973).…”

Section: Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of geographic information systems for assessing groundwater pollution potential by pesticides in Central Thailand

Thapinta

Hudak

2003

Environment International

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This study employed geographic information systems (GIS) technology to evaluate the vulnerability of groundwater to pesticide pollution. The study area included three provinces (namely, Kanchana Buri, Ratcha Buri, and Suphan Buri) located in the western part of central Thailand. Factors used for this purpose were soil texture, percent slope, primary land use, well depth, and monthly variance of rainfall. These factors were reclassified to a common scale showing potential to cause groundwater contamination by pesticides. This scale ranged from 5 to 1 which means high to low pollution potential. Also, each factor was assigned a weight indicating its influence on the movement of pesticides to groundwater. Well depth, the most important factor in this study, had the highest weight of 0.60 while each of the remaining factors had an equal weight of 0.10. These factors were superimposed by a method called "arithmetic overlay" to yield a composite vulnerability map of the study area.Maps showing relative vulnerability of groundwater to contamination by pesticides were produced. Each of them represented the degree of susceptibility of groundwater to be polluted by the following pesticides: 2,4-D, atrazine, carbofuran, dicofol, endosulfan, dieldrin & aldrin, endrin, heptachlor & heptachlor epoxide, total BHC, and total DDT. These maps were compared to groundwater quality data derived from actual observations. However, only the vulnerability maps of atrazine, endosulfan, total BHC, and heptachlor & heptachlor epoxide showed the best approximation to actual data. It was found that about 7 to 8%, 83 to 88% and 4.9 to 8.7% of the study area were highly, moderately, and lowly susceptible to pesticide pollution in groundwater, respectively.In this study a vulnerability model was developed, which is expressed as follow:

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“…This trend was true for all six pesticides (Table 6). Besides, pesticides have the affinity to be adsorbed to heavy soils [5]. This is expected to be manifested by the lesser concentration of pesticides in clay soils compared to, say, loamy sand soils.…”

Section: Factors Influencing Pesticide Movement Into Groundwatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater contamination by ricefield pesticides and some influencing factors

Castaneda¹,

Bhuiyan²

1996

Journal of Environmental Science and Health . Part A: Environme

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An analysis of 270 groundwater samples collected over 1989-1991 was made for determining ricefield pesticide residue concentrations. The samples were collected from 53 tubewells located within ricefield boundaries in irrigated and rainfed areas and used for domestic water supply.Mean concentrations of six commonly used pesticides ranged from 0.002 ppb for chlorpyrifos to 0.209 ppb for monocrotophos. The maximum concentration found in a single sample was 3.19 ppb for monocrotophos. Endosulfan was present in 79% and monocrotophos in 54% of all samples. Irrigated environment, lighter soil texture, and wet season rice culture condition contributed to higher concentrations of pesticides in the groundwater. Increasing tubewell depths generally indicated a decreasing concentration trend.The study indicates that pesticides in groundwater samples had their residues in excess of the limit of 0.1 ppb for single pesticide and 0.5 ppb for multiple pesticides set by international agencies. Using these standards, groundwater of the study site might be considered to be threatened by excessive use of ricefield pesticides. However, toxicological standards established by FAO/WHO indicate that the water is safe for human consumption. Development of management models capable of predicting residue behaviour within the soil profile is necessary. 83

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Pesticide Residues in Soil and Water

Cited by 40 publications

References 156 publications

Persistence and Changes in Bioavailability of Dieldrin, DDE, and Heptachlor Epoxide in Earthworms Over 45 Years

Persistence and Changes in Bioavailability of Dieldrin, DDE, and Heptachlor Epoxide in Earthworms Over 45 Years

Use of geographic information systems for assessing groundwater pollution potential by pesticides in Central Thailand

Groundwater contamination by ricefield pesticides and some influencing factors

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