Pesticide Residues in Vegetables: Practical Interventions to Minimize the Risk of Human Exposure in Tanzania

Kiwango, Purificator Andrew; Kassim, Neema; Kimanya, Martin

doi:10.9734/cjast/2018/38976

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Importation of pesticides increased enormously in Tanzania after trade liberalization of agricultural inputs in 1990s [ 62 ]. Pesticides imports increased from about 500 to 12,000 metric tons between 2000 and 2014, respectively [ 63 ]. More than 80% of pesticides have been used for agricultural and veterinary purposes [ 54 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is estimated that, the quantity of insecticides imported in Tanzania for ITNs and IRS had approximately increased from 10 metric tons in 2007 [ 91 – 94 ] to 311 metric tons in 2012 [ 7 , 91 , 94 ]. This amount of insecticides used in both ITN and IRS is about 2 to 3% of total imported pesticides, which is relatively very small compared to 80% of total insecticide used agriculture and veterinary pest control [ 63 ]. However, mosquitoes’ contact with insecticides in ITNs and IRS might be high because these strategies target their indoor resting and blood feeding behaviour.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamics and monitoring of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors across mainland Tanzania from 1997 to 2017: a systematic review

Matiya

Philbert

Kidima

et al. 2019

Malar J

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BackgroundMalaria still claims substantial lives of individuals in Tanzania. Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spray (IRS) are used as major malaria vector control tools. These tools are facing great challenges from the rapid escalating insecticide resistance in malaria vector populations. This review presents the information on the dynamics and monitoring of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors in mainland Tanzania since 1997. The information is important to policy-makers and other vector control stakeholders to reflect and formulate new resistance management plans in the country.MethodsReviewed articles on susceptibility and mechanisms of resistance in malaria vectors to insecticides across mainland Tanzania were systematically searched from the following databases: PubMed, Google scholar, HINARI and AGORA. The inclusion criteria were articles published between 2000 and 2017, reporting susceptibility of malaria vectors to insecticides, mechanisms of resistance in the mainland Tanzania, involving field collected adult mosquitoes, and mosquitoes raised from the field collected larvae. Exclusion criteria were articles reporting insecticide resistance in larval bio-assays, laboratory strains, and unpublished data. Reviewed information include year of study, malaria vectors, insecticides, and study sites. This information was entered in the excel sheet and analysed.ResultsA total of 30 articles met the selection criteria. The rapid increase of insecticide resistance in the malaria vectors across the country was reported since year 2006 onwards. Insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) was detected in at least one compound in each class of all recommended insecticide classes. However, the Anopheles funestus s.l. is highly resistant to pyrethroids and DDT. Knockdown resistance (kdr) mechanism in An. gambiae s.l. is widely studied in the country. Biochemical resistance by detoxification enzymes (P450s, NSE and GSTs) in An. gambiae s.l. was also recorded. Numerous P450s genes associated with metabolic resistance were over transcribed in An. gambiae s.l. collected from agricultural areas. However, no study has reported mechanisms of insecticide resistance in the An. funestus s.l. in the country.ConclusionThis review has shown the dynamics and monitoring of insecticide resistance in malaria vector populations across mainland Tanzanian. This highlights the need for devising improved control approaches of the malaria vectors in the country.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics and monitoring of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors across mainland Tanzania from 1997 to 2017: a systematic review

Matiya

Philbert

Kidima

et al. 2019

Malar J

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“…Another 1 sample of FFPO that is not meeting the requirement is cabbage which test result only shows the level of Organophosphate (not the detailed active ingredients) that exceeds 0.05 mg/kg. The MRL 0.05 mg/kg is selected based on the lowest MRL value for the Organophosphate Group that can be used in cabbage according to existing regulations/ standards Pesticides are poisonous to target pests, but when misused, the poisonousness can spread to non-target organisms such as useful insects, humans, and animals as well as the environment (Kaur, Mavi, & Raghav, 2019;Kiwango, Kassim, Kimanya, 2018). Pesticides in plants, if systemic will be absorbed into plant tissues (leaves, fruit, branches, roots, skin, etc.).…”

Section: Pesticide Residue Analysis Using Laboratory Test Results Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The greatest dangerous consequences encompass devastation of nontarget pest organisms (earthworm, pollinator, and predators), demise in biological diversity, microbial diversity, and soil biomass or community structure. These ecological losses due to pesticide application are economically or socially important (Kiwango, Kassim, Kimanya, 2018). Also, Costa et al (2020) state that the latest study reviews the present knowledge relating cancer and neurodegenerative diseases to dysregulation of microRNA network because of pesticide exposure.…”

Section: Pesticide Residue Analysis Using Laboratory Test Results Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticides Residues in Fresh Food of Plant Origin: Case Study in Indonesia

Hendriadi¹,

Sulistiyorini²,

Devilana³

2021

Agrivita.J.Agr.Sci

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Journal of Agricultural Sciencewww.agrivita.ub.ac.id Plant Origin (FFPO) in the horticulture group. According to Norton, Sanchez, Clarke-Harris, & Traoré (2003), there is a quick-rising in the production and export of horticultural products in many developing countries. Data have shown that from 1970 to 2002, fruit and vegetable production in developing countries increased almost fourfold from 256 to 960 million metric tons, while exports more than triplicated from 1.9 to 6.5 million metric tons. The stimulus for a request for such highvalue commodities include income increase, transportation costs decrease, and, in some cases, improved market access. Production for export is often fostered as a means of producing foreign exchange, boosting incomes to producers, and giving employment to the poor in a rural area. As for the importing countries, they get an advantage from bigger product stocks that generally have been limited and costly in the off-season.In Indonesia, there were five seasonal vegetable commodities with the largest production in sequence, namely shallots (1.4 million tons), cabbage (1.44 million tons), large chili (1.21 million tons), potatoes (1.16 million tons), and ARTICLE INFO

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“…The literature on the effects of household food processing on pesticide residues at the community level in Tanzania is not available. Most of the available studies carried in other countries (Kiwango, Kassim, & Kimanya, ; Selim, EL‐Saeid, & Dossari, ; Tomer & Sangha, ) were conducted at the laboratory level, failing to depict the impact of real household practices. Additionally, household food preparation practices vary with ethnicity and geographical location (Shackleton, Pasquini, & Drescher, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Household vegetable processing practices influencing occurrence of pesticide residues in ready‐to‐eat vegetables

Kiwango

Kassim

Kimanya

2019

Journal of Food Safety

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Influence of vegetable processing on pesticide residues in ready-to-eat vegetables studied at the experimental level does not necessarily reflect actual situation at household level. This study assessed influence of household vegetable processing practices on pesticide residues in ready-to-eat vegetables at household level in Arusha, Tanzania. Data on vegetable handling practices were collected through observations and physical interviews in 70 households. Samples of raw and ready-toeat vegetables were collected from the households for pesticide residues analysis.Detectable pesticide levels were found in 46% of raw and 14% of ready-to-eat vege-

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Pesticide Residues in Vegetables: Practical Interventions to Minimize the Risk of Human Exposure in Tanzania

Cited by 12 publications

References 25 publications

Dynamics and monitoring of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors across mainland Tanzania from 1997 to 2017: a systematic review

Dynamics and monitoring of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors across mainland Tanzania from 1997 to 2017: a systematic review

Pesticides Residues in Fresh Food of Plant Origin: Case Study in Indonesia

Household vegetable processing practices influencing occurrence of pesticide residues in ready‐to‐eat vegetables

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