Pesticide transport in field soils

Zhang, Renduo; Krzyszowska-Waitkus, Anna; Vance, George F.; Qi, Jiaguo

doi:10.1016/s1093-0191(00)00009-5

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Other reports of clopyralid (24,25) and dicamba (22,23,26) concentrations in leachate at depths of g50 cm following spring herbicide application are also consistent with our observations. In addition, previous studies showed that leaching to depths of >50 cm accounted for <1% of the mass of dicamba applied in spring to conventionally tilled soil (23,27).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Whereas we observed no detectable mecoprop in leachate following spring application, others have reported low concentrations of mecoprop in leachate following spring application (17). Other reports of clopyralid (24,25) and dicamba (22,23,26) concentrations in leachate at depths of g50 cm following spring herbicide application are also consistent with our observations. In addition, previous studies showed that leaching to depths of >50 cm accounted for <1% of the mass of dicamba applied in spring to conventionally tilled soil (23,27).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

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Using Lysimeters To Evaluate the Relative Mobility and Plant Uptake of Four Herbicides in a Rye Production System

Sakaliene

Papiernik

Koskinen

et al. 2009

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Information regarding pesticide mobility is critical for the evaluation of pesticide management practices. Lysimeters have been used worldwide to assess the transport and plant uptake of solutes under relevant moisture regimes and crop production practices. We used repacked field lysimeters to evaluate the leaching and plant uptake of the herbicides pendimethalin, clopyralid, mecoprop (MCPP), and dicamba following fall and spring application to soil cropped to winter rye (Secale cereale L.). In most fall and spring trials, mass loss of herbicide through leaching was <3% of the amount applied. On the basis of this 6 year experiment, it appears that clopyralid is the most mobile of the tested herbicides in this soil, followed by dicamba, mecoprop, and pendimethalin. None of the herbicides was present in rye grain or straw at concentrations that exceed current E.U. or U.S. tolerances.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Using Lysimeters To Evaluate the Relative Mobility and Plant Uptake of Four Herbicides in a Rye Production System

Sakaliene

Papiernik

Koskinen

et al. 2009

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…The presence of pesticides in surface waters is a financial burden to water companies and a threat to aquatic ecologies. Many studies have examined sources and pathways through which pesticides may pollute water courses 1–5. From comparison of pesticide usage and rainfall data, or from direct sampling, it has been reported that farmyard activities are a significant contributor to pesticide pollution,6, 7 and cleaning the sprayer has been identified as a significant farm‐source of pesticides 8.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide residues on the external surfaces of field‐crop sprayers: environmental impact

Ramwell

Johnson

Boxall

et al. 2004

Pest Management Science

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There is increased awareness of the need to clean the external surfaces of sprayers, but the extent to which the washings may impact on the environment is not known. Quantification of the levels of external residues on sprayers could give an indication of the potential environmental impact of sprayer cleaning. The presence of azoxystrobin, carbendazim, chlorothalonil, cyanazine, cypermethrin, epoxiconazole, flusilazole, isoproturon, kresoxim-methyl, metazachlor, pendimethalin, pirimicarb and tebuconazole on thirteen sprayers, sampled on two occasions was investigated. Composite samples were taken from the boom, nozzles and spray tank (delivery system) and the mudguard, cab door, rear window and windscreen (tractor body). Despite being subject to some form of cleaning, pesticides were detected on all sprayers. Residues were found at higher quantities and with greater frequency on the nozzles and booms, but the mean dose on the spray tank was equal to that on the mudguard (7.2 mg m(-2)). Isoproturon, pendimethalin, metazachlor, chlorothalonil and azoxystrobin were all detected above 1000 mg m(-2) on the delivery system, whereas on the tractor body the highest concentrations were between 100 and 1000 mg m(-2) (isoproturon, pendimethalin, chlorothalonil and carbendazim). On the whole, azoxystrobin was detected on the least number of occasions. However, there was great variation within and between compounds and sampling sites. Generally sprayers were not cleaned frequently or efficiently, enabling residues to accumulate on the external surfaces where they can remain for years. The findings here indicate that the quantity of these residues may be sufficient to be harmful to aquatic organisms should the residues enter a watercourse. In addition, if all the residues were removed by cleaning in the field and the washings catchment area was 15 m2 or less, overdosing could occur. Further work is required to assess whether a more frequent cleaning regime would reduce the overall environmental impact of cleaning sprayers. Implications for potential occupational exposure are considered elsewhere.

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“…[30] The water flux can influence the translocation of pesticides like acephate and methomyl located in surface soil fraction and move them to the subsurface soil fraction. [28] This flux can be facilitated when there is a major sand content in soil fraction.…”

Section: Simulation Of Leaching In Gerbera Crop Area With the Pestan mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of cholinesterase activity by soil extracts and predicted environmental concentrations (PEC) to select relevant pesticides in polluted soils

Meza

Pérez

Salin

et al. 2010

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B

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The correlation of predicted environmental concentrations (PEC) with cholinesterase activity inhibition detected in soil extracts was determined. PEC was derived from organophosphate (OP) and carbamate (CA) compounds applied to a flower crop area. Samples of surface soil (0 - 30 cm in depth) and subsurface soil (30 to 60 cm in depth) were taken from a flower crop area in which OP pesticides such as acephate ((RS)-N-[methoxy(methylthio)phosphinoyl]acetamide), dimethoate (2-dimethoxyphosphinothioylthio-N-methylacetamide) and methyl parathion (O,O-dimethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate), and CA pesticides such as carbendazim (methyl benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate), carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran-7-yl methylcarbamate) and methomyl (S-methyl (EZ)-N-(methylcarbamoyloxy) thioacetimidate) were applied for two years. Weekly loads of these pesticides were registered to estimate the annual load of each compound. Physicochemical analysis and relative inhibition of cholinesterasic activity were measured for each soil sample. PEC values were estimated with Pesticide Analytical Model (PESTAN), a leach model, for each pesticide using soil sample data obtained from physicochemical analysis. From all pesticides tested, only acephate and methomyl showed a significant correlation (p < 0.01) between PEC values and inhibition cholinesterase activity of soil extracts. These results suggest that inhibition of cholinesterase activity observed in soil extracts is produced mainly by these two pesticides. Further studies could be developed to measure acephate and methomyl concentrations to reduce their environmental impact.

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Pesticide transport in field soils

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

Using Lysimeters To Evaluate the Relative Mobility and Plant Uptake of Four Herbicides in a Rye Production System

Using Lysimeters To Evaluate the Relative Mobility and Plant Uptake of Four Herbicides in a Rye Production System

Pesticide residues on the external surfaces of field‐crop sprayers: environmental impact

Inhibition of cholinesterase activity by soil extracts and predicted environmental concentrations (PEC) to select relevant pesticides in polluted soils

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