Pesticide use and incident hyperthyroidism in farmers in the Agricultural Health Study

Shrestha, Srishti; Parks, Christine G.; Goldner, Whitney; Kamel, Freya; Umbach, David M.; Ward, Mary H.; Lerro, Catherine C.; Koutros, Stella; Hofmann, Jonathan N.; Freeman, Laura E. Beane; Sandler, Dale P.

doi:10.1136/oemed-2018-105518

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Twenty-five percent of these women lived within 50 m from a banana plantation, 60% had a partner working at a banana plantation, and 8% worked themselves at a banana plantation while pregnant [ 115 ]. As a counterfactual test of the hypothesis, Sheshtra et al analysed hyperthyroidism among AHS farmers exposed to Maneb/Mancozeb [ 116 ]. Their results showed that the risk was halved (HR 0.50, 95% CI 0.30–0.83), which was consistent with an important inhibiting effect of EBDC fungicides at the thyroid receptor level.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time for Re-Evaluating the Human Carcinogenicity of Ethylenedithiocarbamate Fungicides? A Systematic Review

Cocco

2022

IJERPH

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Background. In January 2021, the European Union ended the license of Mancozeb, the bestselling ethylenedithiocarbamate (EBDC) fungicide, because of some properties typical of human carcinogens. This decision contrasts the IARC classification of EBDC fungicides (Group 3, not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity). A systematic review of the scientific literature was conducted to explore the current evidence. Methods. Human and experimental studies of cancer and exposure to EBDC fungicides (Mancozeb, Maneb, Zineb, and others) and ethylene thiourea (ETU), their major metabolite, published in English as of December 2021, were retrieved using PubMed, the list of references of the relevant reports, and grey literature. Results. The epidemiological evidence of EBDC carcinogenicity is inadequate, with two studies each suggesting an association with melanoma and brain cancer and inconsistent findings for thyroid cancer. Experimental animal studies point at thyroid cancer in rats and liver cancer in mice, while multiple organs were affected following the long-term oral administration of Mancozeb. The mechanism of thyroid carcinogenesis in rats has also been shown to occur in humans. Genotoxic effects have been reported. Conclusions. The results of this systematic review suggest inadequate evidence for the carcinogenicity of EBDC fungicides from human studies and sufficient evidence from animal studies, with positive results on three out of ten key characteristics of carcinogens applying to humans as well. An IARC re-evaluation of the human carcinogenicity of EBDC fungicides is warranted.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time for Re-Evaluating the Human Carcinogenicity of Ethylenedithiocarbamate Fungicides? A Systematic Review

Cocco

2022

IJERPH

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“…Shrestha et al (2019) evaluated the impacts specific pesticides on the incident hyperthyroidism in private pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study. Ever use of several pesticides included organophosphate insecticide Malathion, fungicide Maneb/Mancozeb, herbicides Dicamba, Metolachlor, and Atrazine in overall sample and Chlorimuron ethyl among those ≤62 years was associated with reduced hyperthyroidism risk [ 30 ]. Shrestha et al (2018) reported the insecticide Diazinon, the fungicides Maneb/Mancozeb, and the herbicide Metolachlor were associated with increased risk (HR ranging 1.35–2.01) and the herbicide Trifluralin with decreased risk (HR: 0.57) of hyperthyroidism in female spouses of private pesticide applicators [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human exposure to pesticides and thyroid cancer: a worldwide systematic review of the literatures

2023

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Thyroid cancer is considered as one of the most prevalent cancers in the world. Some pesticides can play a role as a potentially important risk factor in thyroid cancer by affecting thyroid morphology and thyroid hormone homeostasis. The aim of present study was to systematically review the available epidemiological evidence for human exposure to pesticides and thyroid cancer. Articles were searched in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science by suitable keywords from January 2000 to May 2021. Standard techniques for systematic reviews were followed in the current study and results reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, finally seven studies including four cohort studies and three case-control studies were reviewed. Organochlorines (OCPs) in more cases, Organophosphates (OPs) and Carbamates insecticides, herbicides and fungicides were the studied pesticides. Inconsistent results were reported in the surveyed articles on the OCPs. Two articles on the Carbamates (Carbaryl and Mancozeb) showed consistently an inverse association between exposure and thyroid cancer. Increased risk of thyroid cancer due to the exposure to the Malathion was reported in one article on the OPs. Due to the limited current knowledge about the effect of pesticides on thyroid cancer in humans, human health policies must be implemented to control individual’s exposure to chemicals through using of botanical pesticides in agricultural. Also, more studies must be done to fill this gap of knowledge.

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“…The relationships between farm-related exposures to different classes of pesticides and thyroid disease and/or thyroid hormone disruption have been examined in a series of recent studies using the cohort of the US Agricultural Health Survey (Table 2) [13][14][15][16]18]. Weak association between long-term use of permethrin applied to crops and an increased risk of hypothyroidism was found among female spouses of farmers aged over 60 years [14].…”

Section: Thyroid Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Risk Associated with Long-Term Exposure to Pyrethroid Insecticides

Saillenfait

Malard

2020

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry

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The aim of this review is to provide a broad summary of the latest state of knowledge about the potential long-term adverse effects of pyrethroids on human health. The oldest and recent epidemiological studies mainly addressed respiratory, neurological, hormonal, and reproductive outcomes in adults after environmental and occupational exposures. Although several of these studies have suggested negative effects, especially on male hormonal and sperm parameters, findings were often equivocal or inconsistent across studies, and no firm and reliable conclusions can be reached yet. Regarding developmental outcomes, there is increasing evidence that fetal exposure to pyrethroids may be associated with poorer children's neurodevelopment. Prevention measures should be considered to reduce exposure of pregnant women and children to these widely used insecticides.

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Pesticide use and incident hyperthyroidism in farmers in the Agricultural Health Study

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Time for Re-Evaluating the Human Carcinogenicity of Ethylenedithiocarbamate Fungicides? A Systematic Review

Time for Re-Evaluating the Human Carcinogenicity of Ethylenedithiocarbamate Fungicides? A Systematic Review

Human exposure to pesticides and thyroid cancer: a worldwide systematic review of the literatures

Human Risk Associated with Long-Term Exposure to Pyrethroid Insecticides

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