Pesticides and Atopic and Nonatopic Asthma among Farm Women in the Agricultural Health Study

Hoppin, Jane A.; Umbach, David M.; London, Stephanie J.; Henneberger, Paul K.; Kullman, Greg; Alavanja, Michael C.R.; Sandler, Dale P.

doi:10.1164/rccm.200706-821oc

Cited by 148 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…The AHS cohort has given rise to a series of studies on exposure to specific pesticides and showed that numerous pesticides were significantly associated with allergic asthma [52], wheeze [49,51] and chronic bronchitis [58]. It was also shown that accidental exposure or pesticide poisoning were associated with an increased risk of allergic and nonallergic asthma [59].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational exposure to pesticides and respiratory health

et al. 2015

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This article aims to review the available literature regarding the link between occupational exposure to pesticides and respiratory symptoms or diseases. Identification of epidemiological studies was performed using PubMed. 41 articles were included, 36 regarding agricultural workers and five regarding industry workers.Among the 15 cross-sectional studies focusing on respiratory symptoms and agricultural pesticide exposure, 12 found significant associations with chronic cough, wheeze, dyspnoea, breathlessness or chest tightness. All four studies on asthma found a relationship with occupational exposure, as did all three studies on chronic bronchitis. The four studies that performed spirometry reported impaired respiratory function linked to pesticide exposure, suggestive of either obstructive or restrictive syndrome according to the chemical class of pesticide.12 papers reported results from cohort studies. Three out of nine found a significant relationship with increased risk of wheeze, five out of nine with asthma and three out of three with chronic bronchitis. In workers employed in pesticide production, elevated risks of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (two studies out of three) and impaired respiratory function suggestive of an obstructive syndrome (two studies out of two) were reported.In conclusion, this article suggests that occupational exposure to pesticides is associated with an increased risk of respiratory symptoms, asthma and chronic bronchitis, but the causal relationship is still under debate. @ERSpublications A review of occupational (agricultural and industry) exposure to pesticides and associated respiratory health effects http:///ow.ly/M09Gc

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational exposure to pesticides and respiratory health

et al. 2015

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“…A large subpopulation of the United States is sensitized to allergens (atopic) (21). Although agricultural workers are more often nonatopic than individuals working in other sectors or living in urban areas (22), occupational exposure to OPs is associated with increased allergic asthma in agricultural workers (23,24). In nonsensitized guinea pigs, parathioninduced airway hyperreactivity and M2 muscarinic receptor dysfunction is not mediated by eosinophils (14), but instead by TNF-a (15).…”

Section: Clinical Relevancementioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Sensitization on Mechanisms of Organophosphorus Pesticide–Induced Airway Hyperreactivity

Proskocil

Bruun

Garg

et al. 2015

Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol

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We previously demonstrated that antigen sensitization increases vulnerability to airway hyperreactivity induced by the organophosphorus pesticide (OP) parathion. Sensitization also changes the mechanism of parathion-induced airway hyperreactivity to one that is dependent on IL-5. To determine whether this effect can be generalized to other OPs, and to other classes of pesticides, we measured airway responsiveness to vagal stimulation or intravenous acetylcholine in nonsensitized and ovalbumin-sensitized guinea pigs 24 hours after a single subcutaneous injection of the OPs diazinon or chlorpyrifos, or the pyrethroid permethrin. Sensitization exacerbated the effects of chlorpyrifos on bronchoconstriction in response to vagal stimulation or intravenous acetylcholine. Pretreatment with function-blocking IL-5 antibody prevented chlorpyrifos-induced airway hyperreactivity in sensitized, but not in nonsensitized, guinea pigs. In sensitized guinea pigs, blocking IL-5 decreased eosinophil activation, as measured by decreased eosinophil major basic protein in the trachea. In contrast, sensitization did not alter diazinon-induced airway hyperreactivity, and permethrin did not cause airway hyperreactivity in either nonsensitized or sensitized guinea pigs. None of the pesticides affected inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid or blood. We have previously shown that three different OPs cause airway hyperreactivity via loss of neuronal M2 muscarinic receptor function. Similar to parathion, but unlike diazinon, the mechanism of chlorpyrifos-induced airway hyperreactivity is changed by sensitization. Thus, OP-induced airway hyperreactivity is dependent on sensitization status and on the OP used, which may influence therapeutic approaches.Keywords: airway hyperreactivity; eosinophils; organophosphorus pesticides; permethrin; sensitization Clinical RelevanceA low subcutaneous dose of an organophosphorus pesticide (OP) causes airway hyperreactivity that is dependent on the specific OP and on atopic phenotype. Understanding the mechanism(s) of OP toxicity in different populations will be critical to predicting the physiological response to OP exposure and to designing better therapeutic interventions.The canonical mechanism of acute neurotoxicity after organophosphorus pesticide (OP) exposure is the irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which is the enzyme that hydrolyzes the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine (ACh). ACh plays an integral role in controlling respiration via both the central (1) and peripheral nervous systems. OP poisoning can cause respiratory failure through central cholinergic disruption and acute bronchoconstriction and mucus

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“…It appears that microbefacilitated immune maturation can be nullified by problematic exposure during critical windows of development to other environmental factors. For example, Hoppin et al [76] reported from the U.S. National Agricultural Health Study that direct exposure to pesticides appeared to nullify the beneficial aspects for women of growing up on a farm relative to risk of atopic asthma. Mai et al [77] also found that a largely fast food diet could undermine the beneficial aspects of breastfeeding relative to risk of asthma.…”

Section: Other Routes and Considerations For Developmentallyprogrammementioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Childbirth and Breastfeeding as Preventive Measures of Immune- Microbiome Dysbiosis and Misregulated Inflammation

Dietert¹

2013

J Anc Dis Prev Rem

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Much of the prior century was spent applying the latest emerging technologies toward managing pregnancy, childbirth, and infant development. The idea was that each change was significantly improving the health of our children across their lifetime. But it is now clear that with several of the adopted practices, there have been unintended consequences. We have run the risk of losing certain distinct advantages that were inherently embedded in ancient cultures and practices. Among these were the microbial-rich experiences of natural childbirth, breastfeeding, and agrarian living. These practices permitted children to acquire a complete microbiome thereby facilitating immune development and appropriate later-life immune responses. Perceived technology-associated benefits such as scheduled Caesarian births, urban sanitized living, and earlier and ever increasing vaccine burdens have helped to reduce the burden of some childhood illnesses. But recent studies suggest that they have also produced serious, unanticipated consequences for today's children: an increased likelihood for human-microbiome incompleteness, lifelong immune dysfunction, and inflammation-promoted chronic disease. This review will examine recent evidence suggesting that a more effective blending of ancient practices and remedies with modern technology and medical knowledge could help to restore the human-microbiome super organism to its historic status, improve pediatric immune homeostasis and reduce risk of later-life chronic diseases.historic birth and infant feeding practices. As discussed by Wolf [4], there is an irony that early in the 20 th century public health officials were advocating increased breastfeeding by mothers and early in the 21 st century the same exact message has been repeated albeit with a different mix of reasons [4]. In the case of the 20 th century call for increased breastfeeding, the primary health concerns were for acute illnesses such as diarrheal diseases, pneumonia, and necrotizing colitis [4]. But for the more recent call, the preventative focus is larger and includes the prevention of noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCDs) [5]. This review considers: 1) shifting historic views regarding the value of natural childbirth and breastfeeding as preventive measures, and 2) an emerging paradigm in which natural childbirth (NC) and prolonged infant breastfeeding combine to reduce the risk of inflammation-driven chronic diseases via immune-microbiome co-maturation as well as other possible developmentally-programmed routes. Additionally, NC and breastfeeding are discussed under the broader human ecological framework of a developmental model in which effective humanmicrobe super organism formation between the child's mammalian component and symbiotic microbes that form the child's microbiome, termed the "Completed Self " [6]. Timely, complete and individualized formation of this symbiotic human mammalian-microbial organism or "Completed Self " has been suggested as perhaps the single most important biological sign con...

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Pesticides and Atopic and Nonatopic Asthma among Farm Women in the Agricultural Health Study

Cited by 148 publications

References 39 publications

Occupational exposure to pesticides and respiratory health

Occupational exposure to pesticides and respiratory health

The Influence of Sensitization on Mechanisms of Organophosphorus Pesticide–Induced Airway Hyperreactivity

Natural Childbirth and Breastfeeding as Preventive Measures of Immune- Microbiome Dysbiosis and Misregulated Inflammation

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