Pesticides and Herbicides

Abstract

This review summarizes the most current technical literature dealing with pesticides and herbicides in the environment. Citations included in this review focus primarily on analytical methods, monitoring, fate and transport, transformation, and treatment strategies as related to pesticides and herbicides in soils, sediments, surface water, and groundwater. (2001) describe methods for the extraction of bentazone, dichlorprop, and MCPA from soils of different texture. All methods gave recoveries of greater than 80%. Caldas et al. (2001) propose a new reaction system for the purification and complexation of CS 2 for the determination of dithiocarbamate fungicide residues in food. Vetter et al. (2001) determined the structure of a persistent heptachlorobornane in toxaphene, B7-1000. This structure validates pervious predictions of persistence based on structure-activity relationships, chromatographic properties, and molecular modeling. A semiautomatic multiresidue method based on solid-phase extraction with a silica column was used to determine pesticide residue in lyophilized fruits (Colume et al., 2001). Numerous researchers used liquid chromatographic techniques to analyze for pesticides in various media. Phenyl urea herbicides were determined in water by electrospray quadrupole ion trap liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (Draper, 2001). Detection limits were established between 8.0 and 36 ng L -1 . Bicchi et al. (2001) reports on an HPLC-UV method for determining daminozide residues in apple pulp. Debrauwer et al. (2001) identified the major metabolites of prochloraz in rainbow trout using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Through this analysis it was determined that trout are able to biotransform prochoraz primarily as glucuronide conjugates. Kontou et al. (2001) developed an HPLC-PDA method for the determination of ethylenethiourea, the main degradation product of the organic Literature Review 2002 ANALYTICAL METHODS Thorstensen and Christiansen