1999
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.99107s3431
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Pesticides and inner-city children: exposures, risks, and prevention.

Abstract: Six million children live in poverty in America's inner cities. These children are at high risk of exposure to pesticides that are used extensively in urban schools, homes, and day-care centers for control of roaches, rats, and other vermin. The organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos and certain pyrethroids are the registered pesticides most heavily applied in cities. Illegal street pesticides are also in use, including tres pasitos (a carbamate), tiza china, and methyl parathion. In New York State in 1997, … Show more

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Cited by 285 publications
(204 citation statements)
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“…Despite their widespread use [17], organophosphate insecticides are a major concern for human health because of their propensity to damage the developing brain at exposures below the threshold for signs of systemic intoxication [55,56,62,72,73,86,87,108]. Although it was originally thought that these agents act solely through inhibition of cholinesterase and consequent cholinergic hyperstimulation, it is now evident that there are multiple mechanisms that contribute to neurodevelopmental abnormalities [10,17,42,73,74,77,112].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Despite their widespread use [17], organophosphate insecticides are a major concern for human health because of their propensity to damage the developing brain at exposures below the threshold for signs of systemic intoxication [55,56,62,72,73,86,87,108]. Although it was originally thought that these agents act solely through inhibition of cholinesterase and consequent cholinergic hyperstimulation, it is now evident that there are multiple mechanisms that contribute to neurodevelopmental abnormalities [10,17,42,73,74,77,112].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Understanding behavioral patterns of residents, particularly those with young children, is especially important as critical time windows in early development lead to higher vulnerability to the toxicity of insecticides. In addition, typical children's behaviors such as increased hand to mouth activity and crawling on floors and carpets result in higher exposures as well as internal doses (Landrigan et al, 1999;Shafer et al, 2005;Rosas and Eskenazi, 2008).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Children are particularly susceptible to such added exposures due to unstructured eating behaviors (Goldman, 1995;Landrigan et al, 1999;Hubal et al, 2000) and as a result, these activities can become an important factor in determining total dietary intakes (Akland et al, 2000;Melnyk et al, 2000;Freeman et al, 2001). In an effort to account for all routes of intake, a Children's Dietary Intake Model (CDIM) was developed (Akland et al, 2000).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%