Pesticides and Related Toxicants in the Atmosphere

Woodrow, James E.; Gibson, Kate A.; Seiber, James N.

doi:10.1007/398_2018_19

Cited by 28 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Drift is most serious when applications are made in windy conditions. Low relative humidity and high temperatures increase the potential for drift by causing spray droplets to evaporate faster [20]. Air temperature also contributes to pesticide drift by creating inversion layers near the soil surface; as a result of which warmer air layers trap cool air layers.…”

Section: Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide Residues: Impacts on Fauna and the Environment

Riyaz¹,

Shah²,

Sivasankaran³

2022

Biodegradation Technology of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants

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Pesticide residues are the traces of pesticide compounds that remain on or in the crop, water, soil and air after the application. Pesticide residues get into the environment as a result of application or by accident and can be found in the air, water and soil. Pesticide residues, if present in air, soil and water can pose a serious threat to biological diversity and human health. After depositing in the environment, the pesticides start to break down and forms metabolites that are more or less toxic. Pesticide residues decline as the pesticide breaks down over time, therefore the levels of residues are highest immediately after the application and diminish as the crops continue to grow. When exposed to sunlight or microorganisms in the soil, most pesticides degrade easily however, the utmost number of pesticides after application scatter into non-target areas or leach into groundwater or move in surface runoff by misuse and misapplication while handling or spraying. The impact of widespread usage of chemical pesticides has made an uncountable number of effects on human health, environment and other life forms and has turned into a serious issue across the globe. The present study aims to present an introduction to the environmental pesticide residues and various aspects highlighting their impact on nature and biodiversity.

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Section: Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide Residues: Impacts on Fauna and the Environment

Riyaz¹,

Shah²,

Sivasankaran³

2022

Biodegradation Technology of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants

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“…e 1. Analysis of surface water samples collected at eleven sampling sites (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11) and the reference (12) for the classification of bodies of water and environmental guidelines for their classification, as well as ing the conditions and standards for the discharge of effluents, and other measures.…”

Section: Feeding Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Planarians, when exposed to water samples from site 3 (Urubu river-Lagoa da Confusão), site 8 (large volumes of water in the channel-Porto Nacional), site 2 (water channel-Lagoa da Confusão), site 6 (large volumes of water in the channel-Formoso do Araguaia), and site 9 (small irrigation channel-Porto Acceptable limit (AL); solved aluminum, dissolved iron) were found (Table 1), as well as an acid pH of 5.44, affected the feeding rate and pLMV of the planarian. alysis of surface water samples collected at eleven sampling sites (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11) and the reference (12)…”

Section: Feeding Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increase in agricultural production has facilitated the spread of diseases, pests, and weeds in crops [5,6]. Thus, for achieving high productivity, pesticides and fertilizers have been adopted as the most efficient manner for the short-term control of undesirable organisms [7,8] and have been used in various steps of the production cycle of cultures, whereas such compounds become subject to environmental contamination [9,10]. However, the use of these compounds in agriculture is not unanimous, although its impacts can be considered positive by some segments of society; for others, its impacts are negative, mainly through the environmental point of view [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Behavioral Parameters of Planarians (Girardia tigrina) as Fast Screening, Integrative and Cumulative Biomarkers of Environmental Contamination: Preliminary Results

López

Saraiva

Gravato

et al. 2021

Water

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The present study aims to use behavioral responses of the freshwater planarian Girardia tigrina to assess the impact of anthropogenic activities on the aquatic ecosystem of the watershed Araguaia-Tocantins (Tocantins, Brazil). Behavioral responses are integrative and cumulative tools that reflect changes in energy allocation in organisms. Thus, feeding rate and locomotion velocity (pLMV) were determined to assess the effects induced by the laboratory exposure of adult planarians to water samples collected in the region of Tocantins-Araguaia, identifying the sampling points affected by contaminants. Furthermore, physicochemical and microbiological parameters, as well as the presence of inorganic compounds (dissolved aluminum, total barium, total chloride, dissolved iron, total fluoride, total manganese, nitrates, nitric nitrogen, total sulfate, total zinc) and surfactants, were determined on each specific sampling point. The behavioral biomarkers (feeding rate and pLMV) of the freshwater planarians were significantly decreased when organisms were exposed to water samples from four municipalities (Formoso do Araguaia, Lagoa da Confusão, Gurupi and Porto Nacional), sites of the Tocantins-Araguaia hydrographic region—TAHR. Both behavioral biomarkers decreased up to ~37–39% compared to organisms in ASTM medium only. Our results showed that these behavioral biomarkers can be used for fast screening monitoring of environmental samples of freshwater ecosystems, since a decrease in feeding rate and locomotor activity was observed in sites impacted by anthropogenic activities. However, the absence of effects observed in some sampling points does not represent the absence of contamination, since several other classes of contaminants were not determined. In these negative results, the absence of deleterious effects on behavioral biomarkers might only be indicative that the potential presence of contaminants on such sites does not significantly affect the performance of planarians. This fast screening approach seems to be useful to determine contaminated sites in freshwater ecosystems for biomonitoring purposes. This knowledge will help to develop biomonitoring programs and to decide appropriate sampling sites and analysis.

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“…Despite their impact on productivity and economy, when misused, these agents can contaminate soil and water (Li 2018;Woodrow et al 2018). Since most formulations still applied in crops are not speci c for pests, their compounds can directly or indirectly affect the structure and biological function of non-target organisms, such as amphibians and shes (Annett et al 2014;Corbett et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combinatorial Effects of Organophosphate (Temephos), Glyphosate (Roundup) and Sodium Dodecil Sulfate (Sds) on Zebrafish (Danio Rerio) Gills: A Morphometric and Histological Study

Santos-Silva¹,

Ribeiro²,

Alves³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Pesticides, as Temephos and Roundup, and surfactants, like Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS), when dicharged into the environment, are harmful to non-target wildlife, especially fish. To evaluate the effects of those chemicals alone and their binary combinations, we assessed the histological alterations in Danio rerio gills after 15 days of exposure to Temephos (1ppm), Roundup (10ppm), SDS (2ppm), SDS plus Temephos (2ppm+1ppm), SDS plus Roundup (2ppm+10ppm) and Temephos plus Roundup (1ppm+10ppm). Hyperplasia, a regressive change, was significant in all exposed groups. The progressive change, complete fusion of lamellae, was significantly intensive in Roundup plus Temephos group. Regarding to circulatory disturbances, vascular congestion was significant intensive in SDS group, while severe aneurysm was observed in Roundup group. Although xenobiotics in the blend are biologically complex, mainly for long periods, combinatorial exposure incremented only complete lamellar fusion. Our results reinforce the rationalization of indiscriminate use of those compounds alone or in combination.

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Pesticides and Related Toxicants in the Atmosphere

Cited by 28 publications

References 84 publications

Pesticide Residues: Impacts on Fauna and the Environment

Pesticide Residues: Impacts on Fauna and the Environment

Behavioral Parameters of Planarians (Girardia tigrina) as Fast Screening, Integrative and Cumulative Biomarkers of Environmental Contamination: Preliminary Results

Combinatorial Effects of Organophosphate (Temephos), Glyphosate (Roundup) and Sodium Dodecil Sulfate (Sds) on Zebrafish (Danio Rerio) Gills: A Morphometric and Histological Study

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