Pesticides Curbing Soil Fertility: Effect of Complexation of Free Metal Ions

Abstract

Researchers have suggested that the reason behind infertility is pernicious effect of broad spectrum pesticides on non target, beneficial microorganism of soil. Here, studying the chelating effect of selective organophosphate and carbamate pesticides with essential metal ions, at all possible combinations of three different pH (4 ± 0.05, 7 ± 0.05 and 9 ± 0.05) and three different temperatures (15 ± 0.5°C, 30 ± 0.5°C and 45 ± 0.5°C), shows very fast rate of reaction which further increases with increase of pH and temperature. Carbonyl oxygen of carbamate and phosphate oxygen of organophosphate were found to be common ligating sites among all the complexes. Formed metal complexes were found to be highly stable and water insoluble on interaction with essential metal ions in solvent medium as well as over silica. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations not only reinforced the experimental observations, but, after a wide computational conformational analysis, unraveled the nature of the high stable undesired species that consist of pesticides complexed by metal ions from the soil. All in all, apart from the direct toxicity of pesticides, the indirect effect by means of complexation of free metal ions impoverishes the soil.

Spectral, structural and energetic study of acephate, glyphosate, monocrotophos and phorate: an experimental and computational approach

“…These studies are applicable to all the molecules containing secondary amine [60][61][62][63]. After the derivatization, UV-visible analysis can be used to detect these molecules from various compartments of the environment [54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63]. In our recent study, we have found that acephate and glyphosate were detectable by UV-visible, FTIR, mass and NMR studies [60,63].…”

“…These studies are very important, especially with environmental concern and real-world analysis applications. For example, the detection of glyphosate by UV-visible spectrophotometric methods which are reliable and belongs to real-time analysis, interactions of pesticides with the soils and their adsorption on clay and humates [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63]. These studies are the foundation of detection of various contaminants and their metabolites through the chromatographic methods in water, soils, fruits, crops, vegetables and other samples [41][42][43][44][45][46][50][51][52][53][54][55][56]64].…”

“…In literature, the analysis of the glyphosate has been mentioned, where derivatization done was analysed by UVvisible and HPLC methods only [53][54][55]64]. These studies are applicable to all the molecules containing secondary amine [60][61][62][63]. After the derivatization, UV-visible analysis can be used to detect these molecules from various compartments of the environment [54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63].…”

Land-use elements and attributed ecosystem services: an archetype approach to land-use evaluation at the German North Sea coast

“…Examples of trade-offs (Rodríguez et al 2006, Queiroz et al 2015 among ecosystem services are the services soil fertility and production of food and forage provided by arable fields, meadows, and pastures. The stakeholders considered soil fertility necessary for food and forage production, but an increase of the provisioning services may lead to a decrease in soil fertility because of the increased use of fertilizer or pesticides (Fixen et al 2015, Kaur et al 2017.…”

Complexation of trichlorosalicylic acid with alkaline and first row transition metals as a switch for their antibacterial activity

“…In relation to its interaction with proteins, it has been observed that the SA and its derivatives possess low to medium covalent interaction with proteins like human serum albumin (HSA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) (Kumar et al 2015a; Yin et al 2007 andLi et al 2011), that is known to be one of the most abundant proteins in blood and cerebrospinal fluid, playing a fundamental role in the distribution of essential transition metal ions across different parts of the human body. The use of metal complexes as drugs requires transportation of the metal ion in the body which is achieved by the formation of non-covalent coordination of the drugs with its targeted protein, particularly utilizing the amino acid side chains (Archibald et al 2013, Kaur et al 2017).…”